Collaborative Research: RUI: Hydrology of the vegetation on vegetation: Comparison and scaling of rainfall interception and solute alteration by common arboreal epiphytes.

合作研究：RUI：植被对植被的水文学：常见树栖附生植物对降雨拦截和溶质改变的比较和缩放。

• 批准号: 1954538
• 负责人: Clara Moore
• 金额: $ 15.86万
• 依托单位: Franklin and Marshall College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-15 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1954538&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RUI; Hydrology; vegetation

Forests cover can significantly reduce the amount of rainfall reaching the ground and alter its chemistry. This process, called "interception," impacts water paths, soil erosion, and stormwater management costs. There are three major parts of the forest canopy: bark, leaves and epiphytes (the plants that live on the canopy). The effect of epiphytes on rainfall interception is not well understood, yet they can live in any forest ecosystem and represent some of Earth’s most water-absorbent land organisms. This study addresses this knowledge gap by monitoring interception variables for a southeastern US forest that hosts 3 major types of epiphytes that differ in how the intercept rainfall (lichen, resurrection fern, and Spanish moss). The study will involve multiple measurements in water and epiphytes, as well as monitoring weather conditions. Results will inform water and forest managers about conservation efforts for epiphyte-rich forests. The research will be led by primarily Undergraduate Institutions and will train undergraduate students in cutting-edge science. Outcomes of the project will be incorporated into educational outreach efforts reaching thousands of K-12 (kinder to twelfth grade) and undergraduate students, high school teachers, and community members. It will also provide research experiences to members of underrepresented groups, including those associated with African American economically disadvantaged, and military communities.The first process in the rainfall-to-discharge hydrologic flow path in vegetated ecosystems is the partitioning of rain by forest canopies. Rain-canopy interactions have been documented to impact stormwater runoff and infrastructure costs, supply hundreds of kilograms of dissolved solutes per ha per year to soils and mitigate regional warming. A major process that has been overlooked on this topic is the role of epiphytes (plants that structurally live on canopies). Since epiphytes are ubiquitous across forest ecosystems and many can store 1000% of their dry weight in water, excluding these organisms significantly impacts canopy water balances and related solute exchanges. This study addresses this major knowledge gap at a forest with high biomass of 3 common types of epiphytes (lichens, ferns and bromeliads) that represent a water-control continuum, from poikilohydric (no internal water control, like lichens) to homoiohydric (presence of internal water controls, like the bromeliad, Spanish moss). Principal objectives are to: (1) assess storage, evaporation and drainage dynamics for these epiphytes; (2) evaluate ecohydrological traits that underlie epiphyte’s water balance and determine their vulnerability to projected changes in climate; (3) quantify epiphyte alterations to rainfall inorganic solute characteristics; and (4) scale findings to estimate current and future relative stand-level influence of epiphytes. Addressing these objectives may alter estimates and predictions of major hydrological processes linked to climatologically relevant energy exchanges and ecologically critical mass exchanges. The project will support 1 post-doctoral scholar and 6 undergraduate students to receive substantial research experiences (field work, instrumentation, data collection and processing, modeling and model evaluation, manuscript preparation, and results presentation) in a timely & critical subfield at the intersection of eco-hydrology and hydrometeorology. The project will also disseminate information to broad audiences through websites, workshops, interpretative signs installed in the study forest area, sequential art, including graphic novellas and character designs, and a time-lapsed video to be featured in a leading educational YouTube channel with international viewership (MinuteEarth).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

森林覆盖可以大大减少到达地面的降雨量，并改变其化学性质。这一过程被称为“拦截”，它会影响水道、土壤侵蚀和雨水管理成本。森林树冠有三个主要部分：树皮、树叶和附生植物（生活在树冠上的植物）。附生植物对降雨截留的影响还不清楚，但它们可以生活在任何森林生态系统中，是地球上吸水性最强的陆地生物。这项研究解决了这一知识差距，通过监测拦截变量为美国东南部的森林，主机3种主要类型的附生植物，不同的拦截降雨（地衣，复活蕨类植物，和西班牙苔藓）。该研究将涉及对水和附生植物的多项测量，以及监测天气状况。 研究结果将告知水和森林管理人员对附生植物丰富的森林的保护工作。该研究将主要由本科院校领导，并将培养尖端科学的本科生。该项目的成果将纳入教育推广工作，覆盖数千名K-12（金德至12年级）和本科生、高中教师和社区成员。它还将提供研究经验，以代表性不足的群体，包括那些与非洲裔美国人的经济弱势群体，和军事community.The第一个过程中的植被生态系统的排水水文流动路径是森林冠层的雨水的分区。降雨-冠层相互作用已被证明会影响雨水径流和基础设施成本，每年每公顷向土壤提供数百公斤溶解溶质，并缓解区域变暖。在这个问题上被忽视的一个主要过程是附生植物（结构上生活在树冠上的植物）的作用。由于附生植物在森林生态系统中无处不在，许多可以在水中储存1000%的干重，排除这些生物会显着影响冠层水分平衡和相关的溶质交换。这项研究解决了这一重大的知识差距，在森林中具有高生物量的3种常见类型的附生植物（地衣，蕨类植物和凤梨科植物），代表一个水控制连续体，从polykilohydric（没有内部水控制，如地衣）到homoiohydric（存在内部水控制，如凤梨科植物，西班牙苔藓）。主要目标是：（1）评估这些附生植物的储存、蒸发和排水动力学;（2）评估作为附生植物水分平衡基础的生态水文特征，并确定其对预计气候变化的脆弱性;（3）量化附生植物对降雨无机溶质特征的改变;（4）尺度研究结果，以估计附生植物当前和未来的相对林分水平影响。实现这些目标可能会改变与气候相关的能量交换和生态临界物质交换有关的主要水文过程的估计和预测。该项目将支持1名博士后学者和6名本科生在生态水文学和水文气象学交叉点的及时关键子领域获得大量研究经验（实地工作，仪器仪表，数据收集和处理，建模和模型评估，手稿准备和结果展示）。该项目还将通过网站、讲习班、在研究林区安装的解说标志、连续艺术，包括图画小说和人物设计，一段延时视频将在一个领先的教育YouTube频道播出，（MinuteEarth）该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响进行评估，被认为值得支持审查标准。