Collaborative Research: Digitization PEN: Expanding and enhancing the California Phenology TCN

开花时间是一种重要的生物现象，通过对农作物、传粉者、害虫和生物多样性的影响来影响人类社会。鉴于开花时间对气候条件的敏感性，彻底了解植物对变化的环境的反应对于预测传粉者、食草动物、寄生虫和植物种群的后果是必要的。在该国的草本植物收藏中可以找到历史上开花时间的记录-干燥和压榨的植物。2018年，加州物候学主题收藏网络(CAP-TCN)成立，以促进我们对开花时间随时间变化的理解。该网络汇集了22所加州大学、研究站、自然历史收藏和植物园，目的是对过去150年收集的大约100万个植物标本的开花状态进行成像和记录。这些数据可通过新成立的加州草药联盟(CCH2)门户网站免费获得。该项目将为履约协助方案技术中心增加七个新收藏品和六个新机构的伙伴关系，增加150,000个标本馆标本。项目参与者将完全融入履约协助方案--TCN的培训和推广活动，包括在线考察自然笔记，教育和让公众了解植物标本和开花物候。通过将地理范围扩大到俄勒冈州和下加利福尼亚州半岛北部，CAP-TCN现在将覆盖整个加州植物省，这是一个具有全球意义的生物多样性热点。这将增加拥有成像标本的物种数量，整个范围从1,217到1,850个，增加55%。CCH2增加了80,000个俄勒冈州和下加利福尼亚州的标本，将有助于对整个加州植物区系省进行有效的基于标本的分析，并首次允许更客观和可重现的基于标本的地理边界的划定。加州和内华达州的三个机构将填补加州西北部、圣华金河谷北部和莫哈韦沙漠的关键地理空白。另外两个机构将显著增加CAP-TCN的代表性：1)具有生态重要性和分类学复杂性的牛肝菌属；2)对加州农业、牧场和本地生态系统重要的引进和入侵物种。据估计，还将有25名本科生参加数字化活动。俄勒冈州立大学和圣地亚哥自然历史博物馆正在进行的关于俄勒冈州和下加利福尼亚州植物群的公共宣传工作也将受益于新拍摄的标本。数据将通过包括iDigBio.org在内的在线资源共享。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Flowering time is an important biological phenomenon, affecting human societies through its effects on agricultural crops, pollinators, pests, and biodiversity. Given the sensitivity of flowering times to climatic conditions, a thorough understanding of how plants respond to changing environments is necessary for predicting the consequences for pollinators, herbivores, parasites, and plant populations. A record of historical flowering times is found within the nation's herbaria – collections of dried and pressed plants. In 2018, the California Phenology Thematic Collections Network (CAP-TCN) was established to advance our understanding of flowering time changes over time. The network brought together 22 California universities, research stations, natural history collections, and botanical gardens, with the goal of imaging and recording the flowering status of approximately one million herbarium specimens collected over the past 150 years. These data are freely available through the newly established Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH2) portal. This project will add a partnership of seven new collections and six new institutions to the CAP-TCN, contributing an additional 150,000 herbarium specimens. The project participants will be fully integrated into CAP-TCN training and outreach activities including Notes from Nature online expeditions, which educate and involve members of the public in learning about herbarium specimens and flowering phenology. By expanding the geographic scope to encompass Oregon and the northern Baja California peninsula, the CAP-TCN will now cover the entire California Floristic Province, a biodiversity hotspot of global significance. This will increase the number of species with imaged specimens across their entire range from 1,217 to 1,850, a 55% increase. The addition of 80,000 Oregon and Baja California specimens to CCH2 will facilitate efficient specimen-based analyses of the entire California Floristic Province and for the first time allow a more objective and reproducible specimen-based delineation of its geographic boundaries. Three institutions in California and Nevada will fill key geographic gaps for northwestern California, the northern San Joaquin Valley, and the Mojave Desert. Two additional institutions will significantly increase CAP-TCN representation of 1) the ecologically important and taxonomically complex genus Arctostaphylos (manzanita); and 2) introduced and invasive species of importance to California agriculture, rangelands, and native ecosystems. An estimated 25 additional undergraduates will participate in digitizing activities. Ongoing public outreach efforts about the floras of Oregon and Baja California at Oregon State University and the San Diego Natural History Museum will also benefit from the newly imaged specimens. Data will be shared through online resources, including iDigBio.org.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.