Collaborative Research: A North Pacific ice core record of summer climate and wildfire history during the last 1500 years

合作研究：过去 1500 年夏季气候和野火历史的北太平洋冰芯记录

• 批准号: 2002428
• 负责人: Cameron Wake
• 金额: $ 8.59万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2002428&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; North; Pacific; ice

This project intends to use the Mount Denali ice core archive to develop the most comprehensive suite of North Pacific fire and summer climate proxy records since about 2500 years before present. Wildfire is a key component of summer climate in the North Pacific where wildfires are projected to increase with continued summer warming. Studies that combine paleorecords of summer climate and wildfire are therefore critically needed, especially in the North Pacific region where fire recurrence rate and decadal-to-centennial scale climate fluctuations occur over longer time periods than are covered by direct observations. The goal of the proposed research is to improve our understanding of relationships between summertime climate and wildfire activity, focusing especially on the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), when regional temperatures were perhaps as warm as the 20th century. Recent advances now permit the measurement of new fire-related (pyrogenic) compounds in ice cores, enabling the development of a robust fire record capable of rigorous comparison with regional paleoclimate reconstructions. The records of summer atmospheric circulation developed through this project will be regionally unique and fill a critical gap in the suite of North Pacific paleoclimate records. The ice core fire records will have synchronously dated temperature, precipitation and circulation time series. Our unique compilation of these ice core records, as well as other regional paleoproxy records will be the first effort at combining these datasets into a regional compilation of paleofire records in the North Pacific region. This compilation will facilitate the examination of fire activity during Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) conditions that are of comparable magnitude to present climate changes over socially relevant timescales (decades). We will analyze the archive Denali ice core for black carbon, which is derived from both biomass and fossil fuel combustion, and organic aromatic acids (e.g. vanillic acid) and monosaccharide anhydride (e.g. levoglucosan) which are produced solely from biomass burning. The Denali ice core chronology is already developed, and the archive ice is in hand, ensuring that our research plan can be accomplished. Fire record synthesis and calibration will incorporate instrumental fire databases, gridded burn area data, and HYSPLIT back-trajectory analyses over the instrumental era in order to test the sensitivity of fireclimate relationships over time. With this record we will address the following research questions: (1) How have North Pacific summer atmospheric circulation patterns varied over the last 1500 years? (2) How did North Pacific fire regime characteristics naturally respond to the warm summer conditions of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)? (3) Are there consistent relationships between North Pacific fire regime and climate?A focal point of our broader impacts is support for two young investigators who have specialized expertise in North Pacific ice cores and paleofire modeling, respectively. This project will also support one PhD student and several undergraduate students. We will continue our longstanding collaboration with Denali National Park to present and permanently display our major climate- and fire-related findings at the park visitor center in Talkeetna, Alaska. We are partnering with the Natural Sciences Education and Outreach Center at Colorado State University to develop STEM kits focused on the Denali ice core record for distribution to under-served K-12 students in Alaska and Maine. Prototypes of these kits have already been developed and tested with students, and we propose to significantly expand this program and increase its impact. Other activities include the participation of first-year women researchers in this project as part of the Dartmouth Women In Science Project (WISP) initiative, and through participation in the NSF-supported School of Ice, where faculty from historically black colleges and minority-serving institutions learn about ice cores and climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目打算利用德纳里山冰芯档案，开发自2500年前以来最全面的北太平洋火灾和夏季气候代理记录。野火是北太平洋夏季气候的一个关键组成部分，随着夏季持续变暖，预计那里的野火将会增加。因此，迫切需要结合夏季气候和野火的古代记录进行研究，特别是在北太平洋地区，那里的火灾复发率和十年至百年尺度的气候波动发生的时间比直接观测所涵盖的时间更长。这项拟议研究的目的是提高我们对夏季气候和野火活动之间关系的理解，特别是关注中世纪气候异常(MCA)，当时该地区的气温可能与20世纪一样温暖。最近的进展现在可以在冰芯中测量新的与火有关的(热源)化合物，从而能够开发出能够与区域古气候重建进行严格比较的可靠的火记录。通过该项目开发的夏季大气环流记录将是区域独一无二的，填补了北太平洋古气候记录套件中的一个关键空白。冰芯火灾记录将同步测定温度、降水和环流时间序列。我们对这些冰芯记录以及其他区域古代理记录的独特汇编将是将这些数据集合并为北太平洋区域古火灾记录的区域汇编的第一次努力。这一汇编将有助于审查中世纪气候异常(MCA)条件下的火灾活动，这些条件与当今社会相关时间尺度(几十年)上的气候变化具有类似的规模。我们将分析来自生物质和化石燃料燃烧的黑碳，以及仅由生物质燃烧产生的有机芳香酸(如香草酸)和单糖酸酐(如左旋葡聚糖)的档案。德纳利冰芯年代学已经开发完成，档案冰也在手中，确保了我们的研究计划能够完成。火灾记录合成和校准将纳入仪器火灾数据库、网格化火区数据和HYSPLIT在仪器时代的回弹轨迹分析，以测试火灾气候关系随时间的敏感性。通过这一记录，我们将解决以下研究问题：(1)过去1500年来北太平洋夏季大气环流模式是如何变化的？(2)北太平洋火情特征如何自然地响应中世纪气候异常(MCA)的温暖夏季条件？(3)北太平洋火情与气候之间是否存在一致的关系？我们更广泛影响的一个焦点是支持两名分别在北太平洋冰芯和古火模拟方面具有专业知识的年轻研究人员。该项目还将支持一名博士生和几名本科生。我们将继续与德纳利国家公园的长期合作，在阿拉斯加州塔尔基特纳的公园游客中心展示并永久展示我们与气候和火灾相关的主要发现。我们正在与科罗拉多州立大学自然科学教育和推广中心合作，开发以德纳利冰芯记录为重点的STEM工具包，分发给阿拉斯加和缅因州服务不足的K-12学生。这些工具包的原型已经开发出来，并在学生中进行了测试，我们建议显著扩大这一计划并增加其影响。其他活动包括作为达特茅斯女性参与科学项目(WSAP)倡议的一部分，一年级女性研究人员参与这个项目，并通过参与NSF支持的冰学院，来自历史上为黑人大学和少数族裔服务的机构的教师了解冰芯和气候变化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。