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Laws, Judiciaries, and National Security Agencies: Advancing Theory and Concepts of Civil Society Laws

法律、司法机构和国家安全机构：推进公民社会法律的理论和概念

基本信息

批准号：
2004520
负责人：
Anthony DeMattee
金额：
$ 14.3万
依托单位：
DeMattee, Anthony James
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-15 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2004520&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Laws Judiciaries National Security Agencies

项目摘要

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program and SBE's Law and Science program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Jeffrey K. Staton at Emory University, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating how and why governments regulate civil society. The human rights community has grown increasingly concerned with legal crackdowns or regulatory restrictions of civil society organizations (CSOs) around the globe. The standard explanation is that these civil society laws and enforcement actions are less likely in open, democratic societies and more likely in undemocratic or authoritarian settings. The data generally accord with this expectation but there is a non-trivial number of exceptions, and data show many undemocratic regimes routinely enact liberal laws. In explaining these cases, we give special attention to the judiciary and national security agencies as actors that change and enforce these legal institutions.The research makes substantive contributions to research topics in judicial politics, political economy, democratization and development, law and political institutions, legal processes, public policy, and comparative public administration. Its primary research objectives are to examine how the judiciary affects the evolution of civil society laws through court rulings. Depending on the context, courts have the power to declare laws unconstitutional, identify statutes as appropriate but enforcement actions unjust, or legitimize enforcement actions and legal institutions. Two, analyze the role of security agencies in the enforcement of civil society laws over a multi-decade period. Three, publish an original dataset on the Qualitative Data Repository created by coding a legal corpus used in the fellow's earlier research. These objectives are interconnected and rely on a mixed-methods research design. Deskwork codes primary source materials collected from [a country's] National Legislative Library, Commission on Laws and Judicial Reporting, and the Ministry of Laws and Justice. Fieldwork conducts in-depth interviews with instructors at [the country's] Centre for Training and Developing Judges.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是美国国家科学基金会（NSF）社会、行为和经济科学（SBE）博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划和SBE法律与科学计划的一部分。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界、工业界或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行为期两年的培训，并鼓励博士后进行独立研究。美国国家科学基金会寻求促进科学界各阶层的科学家，包括那些未被充分代表的群体的科学家，参与其研究项目和活动；博士后阶段被认为是实现这一目标的一个重要的专业发展阶段。每个博士后必须解决各自学科领域的重要科学问题。在埃默里大学杰弗里·斯塔顿博士的赞助下，该博士后奖学金奖支持一位研究政府如何以及为何监管公民社会的早期职业科学家。人权界越来越关注全球各地对公民社会组织（cso）的法律打击或监管限制。标准的解释是，这些公民社会法律和执法行动在开放、民主的社会中不太可能出现，而在不民主或专制的环境中更可能出现。数据总体上符合这一预期，但也有不少例外，数据显示，许多不民主的政权经常颁布自由主义法律。在解释这些案件时，我们特别注意司法机构和国家安全机构作为改变和执行这些法律机构的行动者。该研究对司法政治学、政治经济学、民主化与发展、法律与政治制度、法律程序、公共政策和比较公共行政等研究课题做出了实质性贡献。其主要研究目标是研究司法机构如何通过法院裁决影响公民社会法律的演变。根据具体情况，法院有权宣布法律违宪，确定法规是适当的，但执行行动是不公正的，或使执行行动和法律制度合法化。第二，分析几十年来安全机构在执行公民社会法律方面的作用。第三，在定性数据存储库（Qualitative Data Repository）上发布一个原始数据集，该数据集是通过对该研究员早期研究中使用的法律语料库进行编码而创建的。这些目标是相互关联的，并依赖于混合方法的研究设计。案头工作代码主要来源于[一个国家的]国家立法图书馆、法律和司法报告委员会以及法律和司法部。Fieldwork对[该国]法官培训和发展中心的教员进行了深入的采访。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。