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Direct Comparisons of Black Hole Mass Measurements

黑洞质量测量的直接比较

基本信息

批准号：
2009230
负责人：
Misty Bentz
金额：
$ 45.11万
依托单位：
Georgia State University Research Foundation, Inc.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2009230&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Direct Comparisons Black Hole Mass

项目摘要

Black holes often appear in science fiction, but they are now also science fact. These invisible objects are some of the most extreme in the universe. The black holes that live in the centers of galaxies contain as much material as millions or billions of Suns, but they are collapsed down into incredibly small sizes. This means that they have enormous amounts of gravity. While black holes are invisible because they do not give off any light, they can be detected by their effects on objects around them. Just as the wind is invisible but it clearly shakes leaves, black holes are invisible but their gravity whips around stars and glowing gas. Astronomers have developed a few different ways to use telescopes to measure the motions of stars and gas around invisible black holes. Faster motions indicate more gravity from a black hole. Black holes with more gravity contain more material that has collapsed down, and so the visible motions of stars and gas allow astronomers to “weigh” invisible black holes. The researchers have collected a small sample where they can weigh all of the black holes with both of the most widely-used methods. In Broader Impacts, the PI will work with the Girl Scouts of Greater Atlanta to develop and offer astronomy workshops that target girls in grades 4-5 and high school. The PI will engage the broader community through her ongoing commitments to facilitate and participate in a wide variety of public outreach events, with the goal of bringing science literacy and appreciation to a broad audience.Black holes are some of the most extreme objects in the universe. The black holes that are found in the centers of galaxies contain the mass of millions or billions of Suns, but they are collapsed down into infinitesimal sizes. While black holes are invisible because they do not emit any light, they can be detected by their gravitational effects on nearby stars or gas. Astronomers have thus developed a few different techniques to measure the motions of stars and gas to constrain black hole masses. But it is difficult to compare how well the different techniques agree with each other because each one requires a specific set of conditions. Nevertheless, this is an important point to check, because nearby black holes are mostly studied with one method but a completely different method is used for distant black holes. Distant celestial objects are seen as they were in the past, so large samples of nearby and distant black holes are used to understand how they were born and grow over time. Thus it is important to be sure that both techniques are calibrated to the same mass scale. The researchers have collected a small number of black holes where they can determine their masses using both of the most widely-used methods. In this program, they will apply both methods and carefully compare their results. This will allow them to determine for the first time if both techniques are giving similar answers, or if there may be previously unknown biases affecting our understanding of black holes and their galaxies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

黑洞经常出现在科幻小说中，但它们现在也是科学事实。这些看不见的物体是宇宙中最极端的一些。生活在星系中心的黑洞包含的物质与数百万或数十亿个太阳一样多，但它们被坍缩成令人难以置信的小尺寸。这意味着它们有巨大的引力。虽然黑洞是不可见的，因为它们不发出任何光，但它们可以通过对周围物体的影响来检测。就像风是看不见的，但它能清楚地摇动树叶一样，黑洞是看不见的，但它们的引力会鞭打恒星和发光的气体。天文学家已经开发了几种不同的方法来使用望远镜来测量恒星和气体在看不见的黑洞周围的运动。更快的运动表明来自黑洞的引力更大。具有更大引力的黑洞包含更多坍缩的物质，因此恒星和气体的可见运动使天文学家能够“称量”看不见的黑洞。研究人员已经收集了一个小样本，他们可以用两种最广泛使用的方法对所有黑洞进行称重。在更广泛的影响中，PI将与大亚特兰大的女童子军合作，开发和提供针对4 - 5年级和高中女生的天文学讲习班。 PI将通过她的持续承诺，促进和参与各种各样的公共外展活动，与更广泛的社区参与，目标是将科学素养和欣赏带给广大观众。黑洞是宇宙中最极端的物体之一。在星系中心发现的黑洞包含数百万或数十亿个太阳的质量，但它们被坍缩成无限小的尺寸。虽然黑洞是不可见的，因为它们不发射任何光，但它们可以通过对附近恒星或气体的引力效应来检测。因此，天文学家开发了一些不同的技术来测量恒星和气体的运动，以限制黑洞的质量。但是很难比较不同技术之间的一致性，因为每一种技术都需要一组特定的条件。然而，这是一个需要检查的重要点，因为附近的黑洞大多用一种方法来研究，但对遥远的黑洞则使用完全不同的方法。遥远的天体被视为过去的天体，因此附近和遥远的黑洞的大样本被用来了解它们是如何随着时间的推移而诞生和成长的。因此，重要的是要确保这两种技术被校准到相同的质量标度。研究人员收集了少量黑洞，他们可以使用两种最广泛使用的方法来确定它们的质量。在这个项目中，他们将应用这两种方法，并仔细比较他们的结果。这将使他们能够第一次确定这两种技术是否给出了类似的答案，或者是否有以前未知的偏见影响了我们对黑洞及其星系的理解。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（22）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

What Does the Geometry of the Hβ BLR Depend On?

Hβ BLR 的几何形状取决于什么？

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/accc84
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Villafaña, Lizvette;Williams, Peter R.;Treu, Tommaso;Brewer, Brendon J.;Barth, Aaron J.;U, Vivian;Bennert, Vardha N.;Guo, Hengxiao;Bentz, Misty C.;Canalizo, Gabriela
通讯作者：
Canalizo, Gabriela

Tully–Fisher Distances and Dynamical Mass Constraints for 24 Host Galaxies of Reverberation-mapped AGNs

混响映射 AGN 的 24 个宿主星系的 Tully-Fisher 距离和动态质量约束

DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/abedaa
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
Robinson, Justin H.;Bentz, Misty C.;Courtois, Hélène M.;Johnson, Megan C.;Crenshaw, D. M.;Meena, Beena;Polack, Garrett E.;Silverstein, Michele L.;Chen, Dading
通讯作者：
Chen, Dading

A Detailed View of the Broad-line Region in NGC 3783 from Velocity-resolved Reverberation Mapping