NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2020: Suction feeding in the pharyngeal jaw apparatus

2020 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金：咽颌装置中的吸食

• 批准号: 2010657
• 负责人: Corrine Avidan
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: Avidan, Corrine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2010657&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology; FY

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2020, Research Using Biological Collections. The fellowship supports research and training of the fellow that will utilize biological collections in innovative ways. Fish have the remarkable ability to capture and swallow food underwater without the help of hands, fingers or tongues, yet the biomechanical mechanism of swallowing in fish is entirely unknown. Most species of fish have a secondary set of pharyngeal jaws located in the back of their throats that may help suck the food back for swallowing and provide fine control for the movement of particles suspended in water. This research uses museum collections and approaches from biology and physics to discover how fish use pharyngeal jaws to control food movement in water. This work is important because it will illuminate a critical function, swallowing, in fish and may have applications to robots designed to manipulate particles suspended in water. Through this research, the fellow receives training in using museum collections with interdisciplinary methods from physics, engineering, and biology. To advance the fellow’s expertise while promoting teaching, training, and learning, the fellow acts as a key advisor for individuals from underrepresented groups in the Marine Biology Science Club for a public high school. This research proposes the novel hypothesis that an intra-oropharyngeal suction flow can be generated with the opening movement of the pharyngeal jaws and that this flow contributes to food transport toward the esophagus and precise positioning of the food for chewing and swallowing. For this research, museum specimens belonging to a diverse groups of fishes are used to quantify these pharyngeal jaw morphologies, and coupled with X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology measurements of the pharyngeal jaw movements and fluid dynamics within the mouth during feeding, will be united to determine how morphological variation changes the flow manipulation and prey processing. The fellow utilizes computational fluid dynamics as functions of morphology and kinematics to allow for a better understanding of how the variation of pharyngeal jaws across teleost influences the flow produced, potentially unlocking key information about performance matrices such as handling time of prey. The fellow will inspire high school students to pursue options in STEM fields buy increasing conceptual knowledge of the marine sciences, promoting the use of technology for scientific inquiry, and preparing students for careers in these fields by nurturing scientific curiosity and reasoning.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项行动资助了2020财年NSF生物学博士后研究奖学金，使用生物收集的研究。该研究金支持研究员的研究和培训，以创新的方式利用生物收藏。鱼具有在水下捕获和吞咽食物的非凡能力，而无需手，手指或舌头的帮助，但鱼吞咽的生物力学机制完全未知。大多数种类的鱼都有位于喉咙后部的第二组咽颚，可以帮助将食物吸回吞咽，并对悬浮在水中的颗粒的运动进行精细控制。这项研究使用博物馆收藏品和生物学和物理学的方法来发现鱼类如何使用咽颚来控制水中的食物运动。这项工作很重要，因为它将阐明鱼类的一个关键功能，即吞咽，并可能应用于设计用于操纵悬浮在水中的颗粒的机器人。通过这项研究，该研究员接受了使用博物馆收藏品的培训，包括物理学，工程学和生物学的跨学科方法。为了提高研究员的专业知识，同时促进教学，培训和学习，研究员作为一个关键的顾问，为个人从海洋生物科学俱乐部的公立高中代表性不足的群体。这项研究提出了一个新的假设，即口咽内的吸力流可以产生与咽颚的打开运动，这种流动有助于食物运输到食道和精确定位的食物咀嚼和吞咽。在这项研究中，博物馆标本属于一个不同的鱼类群体被用来量化这些咽颚形态，再加上X射线重建的运动形态测量的咽颚运动和流体动力学的嘴在喂养过程中，将被联合起来，以确定形态变化如何改变流操纵和猎物处理。该研究员利用计算流体动力学作为形态学和运动学的函数，以更好地了解硬骨鱼咽颌的变化如何影响产生的流量，可能会解锁有关性能矩阵的关键信息，如猎物的处理时间。该研究员将激励高中生在STEM领域寻求选择，增加海洋科学的概念知识，促进科学探究技术的使用，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持的搜索.