NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2020: Implications of hybridization on persistence at macroevolutionary and contemporary timescales

2020 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金：杂交对宏观进化和当代时间尺度持久性的影响

• 批准号: 2010774
• 负责人: Tyler Chafin
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: Chafin, Tyler K
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2010774&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology; FY

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2020, Integrative Research Investigating the Rules of Life Governing Interactions Between Genomes, Environment and Phenotypes. The fellowship supports research and training of the fellow that will contribute to the area of Rules of Life in innovative ways. Recent advances in the understanding of biodiversity have shown the ‘Tree of Life’ to be more like a web, due to processes such as interbreeding among species (called hybridization) allowing for the exchange of genes. This underscores the fact that there are multiple ways in which species can be related—both by inheritance from a shared ancestor and by mating between individuals of different lineages. This can sometimes allow for the exchange of critical adaptations or genes underlying key traits. Although emerging as an important evolutionary mechanism, the consequences of hybridization on the long-term persistence and adaptability of species is poorly understood. The research undertaken by the Fellow joins many aspects of genomic, population, and evolutionary biology with novel computational and statistical approaches to better understand the role of hybridization in shaping biodiversity. This project will accelerate research with multiple societal benefits, for example in understanding genes which underly important traits (e.g., pesticide resistance) and in predicting how hybridization affects endangered species in changing environments. The Fellow will also expand STEM initiatives at multiple levels, including workshops aimed at developing analytical skills in early-career researchers, extensive involvement of trainees, and value-added software components for the research community.The research conducted by the Fellow will examine the role of hybridization in biodiversity dynamics along both macroevolutionary and contemporary timescales. The first will characterize empirical phylogenetic signatures of hybridization across comprehensively sampled focal groups by scaling phylogenetic network inference methods to make use of high-performance computing. This will be used to test the fates of hybridizing lineages and provide a comparative framework within which to examine the interplay between life history, hybridization, and diversification rates. The second will examine the permeability of species boundaries using time-series genomic sampling of museum specimens and employ a ‘reverse-ecology’ approach to seek functional components in the genome which show an adaptive response. Collectively, these objectives increase understanding of the significance of hybridization as a fundamental evolutionary process looking ‘backwards’ as a driver of diversification, and ‘forwards’ as a component of species’ persistence—or extinction—in a changing climate. The impact of the project will be broadened by developing software and techniques for the research community and STEM initiatives for students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项行动资助了2020财年的NSF生物学博士后研究奖学金，综合研究调查了基因组，环境和表型之间的生命相互作用的规则。该研究金支持研究员的研究和培训，以创新的方式为生活规则领域做出贡献。对生物多样性理解的最新进展表明，“生命之树”更像是一个网络，这是由于物种间的杂交（称为杂交）等过程允许基因交换。这强调了一个事实，即物种之间的关系有多种方式既可以通过共同祖先的遗传，也可以通过不同血统的个体之间的交配。这有时可以允许交换关键的适应性或关键性状的基因。尽管杂交是一种重要的进化机制，但人们对杂交对物种长期生存和适应性的影响知之甚少。研究员进行的研究将基因组，人口和进化生物学的许多方面与新的计算和统计方法结合起来，以更好地了解杂交在塑造生物多样性中的作用。该项目将加速具有多种社会效益的研究，例如在了解重要性状（例如，农药抗性），以及预测杂交如何影响濒危物种在不断变化的环境中。 研究员还将在多个层面上扩大STEM倡议，包括旨在培养早期职业研究人员分析技能的研讨会，学员的广泛参与，以及为研究界提供增值软件组件。研究员进行的研究将研究杂交在生物多样性动态中的作用，沿着宏观进化和当代时间尺度。第一个将通过缩放系统发育网络推理方法来表征跨全面抽样焦点组的杂交的经验系统发育特征，以利用高性能计算。这将被用来测试杂交谱系的命运，并提供一个比较框架内，以检查生活史，杂交和多样化率之间的相互作用。第二个将使用博物馆标本的时间序列基因组采样来检查物种边界的渗透性，并采用“逆生态学”方法来寻找基因组中表现出适应性反应的功能成分。总的来说，这些目标增加了对杂交重要性的理解，杂交是一个基本的进化过程，“向后看”是多样化的驱动力，“向前看”是物种在不断变化的气候中持续存在或灭绝的一个组成部分。该项目的影响将通过为研究社区开发软件和技术以及为学生开发STEM计划来扩大。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估而被认为值得支持。