Collaborative Research Network Cluster: Quantifying controls and feedbacks of dynamic storage on critical zone processes in western montane watersheds

协作研究网络集群：量化西部山地流域关键区域过程动态存储的控制和反馈

• 批准号: 2012310
• 负责人: Adrian Harpold
• 金额: $ 61.07万
• 依托单位: Board of Regents, NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2012310&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Network; Cluster; Quantifying

The critical zone is a thin layer at the Earth’s surface where rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms interact. The critical zone supports life on Earth. In the western United States, the critical zone is sensitive to changes in the environment, such as fires or droughts. This project studies how processes in the critical zone respond to changes in the environment. Data are collected from five watersheds in Colorado and California. The project links the fields of water science, forest ecology, rock chemistry and soil chemistry. The project connects the way water moves and is stored in the ground to how trees grow and to how soil and rocks change. Studying these interactions is important to understanding how Earth will respond to future changes in climate. Researchers from six universities work together. Students are trained in several areas of Earth science. Educational materials are developed for all grade levels including K-12 and college. The Earth’s critical zone is defined as the upper layer of the Earth’s surface, from bedrock to the tree canopy, and is dependent upon the co-evolution of Earth system processes including interactions among climate, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and geology. Despite the fundamental importance of water in critical zone processes, there is not widespread understanding of the relations between how water is stored in the critical zone and how it affects key processes, or how global change drivers, such as climate shifts and disturbance, will modify these interactions. The goals of this critical zone network cluster are to 1) advance understanding of the interactions among water storage, critical zone processes, and water provisioning in the complex physiography of western United States montane ecosystems; 2) explore how water storage and critical zone processes will be altered under global change drivers; and 3) create educational opportunities and resources about the critical zone that are accessible to a diverse student population, including K-12 to postgraduates. The network cluster consists of five research catchments with differing critical zone structure and water storage capacity where the research team collects a common suite of field measurements and conducts coordinated modeling activities. Field measurements include monitoring of hydrologic and biogeochemical fluxes, as well as, surveys of near-surface geophysical properties and forest structure and dynamics. The modeling platforms for this project include: 1) integrated hydrologic models that can fully resolve overland, unsaturated, and saturated flow to full quantify the roles of climate, vegetation, subsurface structure, and topography on hydrologic partitioning, 2) reactive transport models that fully resolve biogeochemical reaction networks with flexible implementation of reaction kinetics and thermodynamics to estimate weathering and biogeochemical reaction rates and fluxes at the catchment scale, and 3) an ecohydrology model that couples hydrologic processes with dynamics of vegetation and ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles and ecosystem disturbance including vegetation mortality and fire. The broader impacts of this project include 1) research experiences and training of students at multiple education levels, including students in middle school, undergraduate institutions, and graduate school; and 2) improving public science literacy of critical zone processes through the creation of interactive virtual reality video installations. In addition, this network cluster maintains and expands research infrastructure to provide a facility for the Earth science community. This project is jointly funded by the Critical Zone Collaborative Network, the Hydrologic Sciences, and the Education and Human Resources programs in the Division of Earth Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

关键区域是地球表面的一个薄层，岩石、土壤、水、空气和生物体在此相互作用。关键区域支持地球上的生命。在美国西部，关键区域对环境变化非常敏感，例如火灾或干旱。 该项目研究关键区域的过程如何响应环境变化。数据是从科罗拉多州和加利福尼亚州的五个流域收集的。该项目将水科学、森林生态学、岩石化学和土壤化学领域联系起来。该项目将水的流动方式和储存在地下的方式与树木的生长方式以及土壤和岩石的变化联系起来。研究这些相互作用对于了解地球将如何应对未来气候变化非常重要。来自六所大学的研究人员一起工作。学生接受地球科学多个领域的培训。教材是为所有年级（包括 K-12 和大学）开发的。地球的临界区被定义为地球表面的上层，从基岩到树冠，依赖于地球系统过程的共同演化，包括气候、水文、生物地球化学和地质之间的相互作用。尽管水在关键区域过程中具有根本重要性，但对于关键区域中水的储存方式与水如何影响关键过程之间的关系，或者气候变化和扰动等全球变化驱动因素将如何改变这些相互作用之间的关系，人们还没有广泛的了解。该关键区域网络集群的目标是 1) 加深对美国西部山地生态系统复杂地貌中水储存、关键区域过程和供水之间相互作用的理解； 2）探索全球变化驱动因素下水储存和关键区域过程将如何改变； 3) 为不同的学生群体（包括 K-12 和研究生）创造有关关键区域的教育机会和资源。该网络集群由五个具有不同关键区域结构和蓄水能力的研究流域组成，研究团队在其中收集一套通用的现场测量结果并进行协调的建模活动。现场测量包括监测水文和生物地球化学通量，以及近地表地球物理特性和森林结构和动态的调查。该项目的建模平台包括：1）综合水文模型，可以充分解析陆上、非饱和和饱和流量，以充分量化气候、植被、地下结构和地形对水文分区的作用；2）反应输运模型，可以充分解析生物地球化学反应网络，灵活地实施反应动力学和热力学，以估计风化和生物地球化学反应速率和通量 流域规模；3）生态水文学模型，将水文过程与植被和生态系统的碳和养分循环动态以及生态系统扰动（包括植被死亡率和火灾）结合起来。该项目更广泛的影响包括1）对多个教育层次学生的研究经验和培训，包括初中、本科院校和研究生院的学生； 2）通过创建交互式虚拟现实视频装置来提高关键区域过程的公众科学素养。此外，该网络集群维护和扩展研究基础设施，为地球科学界提供设施。 该项目由关键区域合作网络、水文科学以及地球科学部的教育和人力资源计划共同资助。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Spruce Beetle Outbreak Increases Streamflow From Snow‐Dominated Basins in Southwest Colorado, USA

• DOI: 10.1029/2021wr029964
• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Aidan L. Manning;A. Harpold;A. Csank

Climate Controls on River Chemistry

• DOI: 10.1029/2021ef002603
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Earth's Future
• 作者: Li Li-Li;Bryn Stewart;Wei Zhi;K. Sadayappan;S. Ramesh;Devon Kerins;Gary Sterle;A. Harpold;J. Perdrial

Diel streamflow cycles suggest more sensitive snowmelt-driven streamflow to climate change than land surface modeling does

昼夜水流循环表明，融雪驱动的水流对气候变化比地表模型更敏感

• DOI: 10.5194/hess-26-3393-2022
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Krogh, Sebastian A.;Scaff, Lucia;Kirchner, James W.;Gordon, Beatrice;Sterle, Gary;Harpold, Adrian
• 通讯作者: Harpold, Adrian

Unraveling the Controls on Snow Disappearance in Montane Conifer Forests Using Multi‐Site Lidar

• DOI: 10.1029/2020wr027522
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: H. Safa;S. Krogh;J. Greenberg;T. Kostadinov;A. Harpold