Collaborative Research Network Cluster: Quantifying controls and feedbacks of dynamic storage on critical zone processes in western montane watersheds

协作研究网络集群：量化西部山地流域关键区域过程动态存储的控制和反馈

• 批准号: 2012310
• 负责人: Adrian Harpold
• 金额: $ 61.07万
• 依托单位: Board of Regents, NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2012310&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Network; Cluster; Quantifying

The critical zone is a thin layer at the Earth’s surface where rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms interact. The critical zone supports life on Earth. In the western United States, the critical zone is sensitive to changes in the environment, such as fires or droughts. This project studies how processes in the critical zone respond to changes in the environment. Data are collected from five watersheds in Colorado and California. The project links the fields of water science, forest ecology, rock chemistry and soil chemistry. The project connects the way water moves and is stored in the ground to how trees grow and to how soil and rocks change. Studying these interactions is important to understanding how Earth will respond to future changes in climate. Researchers from six universities work together. Students are trained in several areas of Earth science. Educational materials are developed for all grade levels including K-12 and college. The Earth’s critical zone is defined as the upper layer of the Earth’s surface, from bedrock to the tree canopy, and is dependent upon the co-evolution of Earth system processes including interactions among climate, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and geology. Despite the fundamental importance of water in critical zone processes, there is not widespread understanding of the relations between how water is stored in the critical zone and how it affects key processes, or how global change drivers, such as climate shifts and disturbance, will modify these interactions. The goals of this critical zone network cluster are to 1) advance understanding of the interactions among water storage, critical zone processes, and water provisioning in the complex physiography of western United States montane ecosystems; 2) explore how water storage and critical zone processes will be altered under global change drivers; and 3) create educational opportunities and resources about the critical zone that are accessible to a diverse student population, including K-12 to postgraduates. The network cluster consists of five research catchments with differing critical zone structure and water storage capacity where the research team collects a common suite of field measurements and conducts coordinated modeling activities. Field measurements include monitoring of hydrologic and biogeochemical fluxes, as well as, surveys of near-surface geophysical properties and forest structure and dynamics. The modeling platforms for this project include: 1) integrated hydrologic models that can fully resolve overland, unsaturated, and saturated flow to full quantify the roles of climate, vegetation, subsurface structure, and topography on hydrologic partitioning, 2) reactive transport models that fully resolve biogeochemical reaction networks with flexible implementation of reaction kinetics and thermodynamics to estimate weathering and biogeochemical reaction rates and fluxes at the catchment scale, and 3) an ecohydrology model that couples hydrologic processes with dynamics of vegetation and ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycles and ecosystem disturbance including vegetation mortality and fire. The broader impacts of this project include 1) research experiences and training of students at multiple education levels, including students in middle school, undergraduate institutions, and graduate school; and 2) improving public science literacy of critical zone processes through the creation of interactive virtual reality video installations. In addition, this network cluster maintains and expands research infrastructure to provide a facility for the Earth science community. This project is jointly funded by the Critical Zone Collaborative Network, the Hydrologic Sciences, and the Education and Human Resources programs in the Division of Earth Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

临界区是地球表面的薄层，岩石，土壤，水，空气和生物组织相互作用。关键区域支持地球上的生命。在美国西部，关键区域对环境的变化（例如火灾或干旱）敏感。该项目研究关键区域的过程如何应对环境变化。数据是从科罗拉多州和加利福尼亚州的五个流域收集的。该项目将水科学，森林生态学，岩石化学和土壤化学领域联系起来。该项目将水的移动方式连接起来，并将其存储在地面上，与树木的生长以及土壤和岩石的变化方式联系在一起。研究这些相互作用对于了解地球将如何应对气候变化的未来变化很重要。来自六所大学的研究人员一起工作。在地球科学的多个领域接受了培训。教育材料是针对包括K-12和大学在内的所有年级的。地球的临界区域定义为从基岩到树冠的地面的上层，并取决于地球系统过程的共同发展，包括气候，水文学，生物地球化学和地理学之间的相互作用。尽管水在关键区域过程中具有根本的重要性，但对临界区域中水的关系及其如何影响关键过程的关系或全球变化驱动因素（例如气候变化和灾难）如何修改这些相互作用的驱动因素尚无宽泛的了解。这个关键区域网络集群的目标是1）在美国西部蒙塔尼生态系统的复杂生理学中，提前了解储水，关键区域过程和水的相互作用； 2）探索在全球变化驱动因素下将如何更改储水区和关键区域过程； 3）创造有关关键区域的教育机会和资源，包括多元化的学生群体，包括K-12到研究生。该网络群集由五个具有不同关键区域结构和供水能力的研究集水区组成，研究团队收集了一套常见的现场测量套件，并进行了协调的建模活动。现场测量包括对水文和生物地球化学通量的监测，以及近地形地球物理特性以及森林结构和动态的调查。该项目的建模平台包括：1）可以完全解决陆上，不饱和和饱和流的整合水文模型，以充分量化气候，植被，地下结构和地形在水文分配中的作用，2）反应性传输模型，这些模型完全解决了与生物地球化学反应和热反应的稳定性反应和热力学动力学的固定反应网络的反应性反应，并估算了动力学动力学动力学动力学的反应量。在集水量表和3）生态模型中，该模型将水文过程与植被和生态系统碳和营养周期和生态系统灾难（包括植被死亡率和火灾）相结合。该项目的更广泛影响包括1）在多个教育水平的学生研究经验和培训，包括中学的学生，本科机构和研究生院； 2）通过创建交互式虚拟现实视频安装来改善关键区域过程的公共科学素养。此外，该网络集群维护和扩展研究基础设施，为地球科学界提供设施。该项目由关键区协作网络，水文科学以及地球科学部的教育和人力资源计划共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来进行评估。

项目成果

Spruce Beetle Outbreak Increases Streamflow From Snow‐Dominated Basins in Southwest Colorado, USA

• DOI: 10.1029/2021wr029964
• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Aidan L. Manning;A. Harpold;A. Csank

Unraveling the Controls on Snow Disappearance in Montane Conifer Forests Using Multi‐Site Lidar

• DOI: 10.1029/2020wr027522
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: H. Safa;S. Krogh;J. Greenberg;T. Kostadinov;A. Harpold

Climate Controls on River Chemistry

• DOI: 10.1029/2021ef002603
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Earth's Future
• 作者: Li Li-Li;Bryn Stewart;Wei Zhi;K. Sadayappan;S. Ramesh;Devon Kerins;Gary Sterle;A. Harpold;J. Perdrial

Diel streamflow cycles suggest more sensitive snowmelt-driven streamflow to climate change than land surface modeling does

昼夜水流循环表明，融雪驱动的水流对气候变化比地表模型更敏感

• DOI: 10.5194/hess-26-3393-2022
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Krogh, Sebastian A.;Scaff, Lucia;Kirchner, James W.;Gordon, Beatrice;Sterle, Gary;Harpold, Adrian
• 通讯作者: Harpold, Adrian