Doctoral Dissertation Research: Emigrant Political Rights in Latin America, Dual Citizenship, Voting, and Representation

博士论文研究：拉丁美洲移民的政治权利、双重国籍、投票权和代表权

• 批准号: 2017145
• 负责人: Cecilia Menjivar
• 金额: $ 2.51万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2017145&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Emigrant; Political

For over a century, migrants abroad have supported the economic development of their homelands by sending remittances. Previous research has shown that this type of money transfers is instrumental to avoid financial crises in sending countries. In Latin America, remittances occupy one of the mainline items within the gross domestic product of several national economies. However, the economic contributions by citizens abroad have not translated into substantive political representation. Migrants contribute to the welfare of their households and the homeland economy, and yet, their political participation in polity of the place of birth remains incipient. Therefore, understanding the conditions that guided the creation and implementation of political rights and laws that govern them is critical for developing public policies aimed at reducing political inequalities for citizens abroad. After all, as previous research has shown, the political participation of migrants in their homeland also enhances their political involvement in the countries where they live as immigrants. In the last thirty years, Latin American states have created legislation to approve political rights for its citizens abroad including dual citizenship, extraterritorial voting, and parliamentary representation. This legislation, however, has not always translated into substantive political rights. The scholarship on emigrant politics has focused on the approval of emigrant political rights without paying attention to the socio-legal conditions that led to various degrees of implementation. If Latin American states have created similar legislation on the books, why did different levels of substantive implementation emerge? This project studies the creation and implementation of political rights and laws for Latin American emigrants from a comparative perspective. It combines a two-phase process of data collection and analysis. First, using numerical data from nineteen countries in Latin America, this project employs Qualitative Comparative Analysis to develop a systematic cross-case analysis of causal conditions leading to the creation of emigrant laws. Second, combining data from interviews, newspaper articles, administrative records, official documents, and archives, this project deploys several cycles of qualitative coding techniques to trace divergent political trajectories of emigrants living abroad. Conceptually, this project emphasizes how violence, politicization of emigrants, and critical junctures of democratization influence policy decisions related to extraterritorial political rights. Findings from this research will provide insights into the differentiated conditions in which Latin American countries grant political rights to their citizens abroad, contributing to a growing literature on democratization and inclusion. Furthermore, this research project will explain the striking differences between how countries approve policy on paper and how they implement it on the ground.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

世纪以来，海外移徙者通过汇款支持祖国的经济发展。以前的研究表明，这种类型的资金转移有助于避免输出国的金融危机。在拉丁美洲，汇款是几个国家经济体国内生产总值的主要项目之一。然而，海外公民的经济贡献并没有转化为实质性的政治代表权。移民为家庭福利和祖国经济做出了贡献，但他们对出生地政治的参与仍处于初期阶段。因此，了解指导政治权利的创造和实施的条件以及管理这些权利的法律，对于制定旨在减少海外公民政治不平等的公共政策至关重要。毕竟，正如先前的研究所表明的那样，移民在其祖国的政治参与也增强了他们作为移民居住的国家的政治参与。 在过去的三十年里，拉丁美洲国家已经制定了立法，批准其海外公民的政治权利，包括双重国籍，域外投票权和议会代表权。然而，这项立法并不总是转化为实质性的政治权利。关于移民政治的学术研究侧重于批准移民的政治权利，而不注意导致不同程度实施的社会法律条件。如果拉丁美洲国家已经制定了类似的法律，为什么会出现不同程度的实质性执行？该项目从比较的角度研究拉丁美洲移民政治权利和法律的制定和实施。它结合了数据收集和分析的两个阶段过程。首先，使用来自拉丁美洲19个国家的数字数据，该项目采用定性比较分析，制定一个系统的跨案例分析的因果关系的条件，导致移民法的创建。第二，结合采访，报纸文章，行政记录，官方文件和档案的数据，本项目部署了几个周期的定性编码技术，以跟踪不同的政治轨迹的移民生活在国外。从概念上讲，这个项目强调暴力、移民政治化和民主化的关键时刻如何影响与治外政治权利有关的政策决定。这项研究的结果将使人们深入了解拉丁美洲国家给予海外公民政治权利的不同条件，为越来越多的关于民主化和包容性的文献作出贡献。此外，该研究项目将解释各国如何在纸面上批准政策和如何在实地实施政策之间的显著差异。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。