Doctoral Dissertation Research: Translating Indigenous Rights: A Multi-Level Study of Prior Consultation Law

博士论文研究：翻译土著权利：事先协商法的多层次研究

• 批准号: 2017666
• 负责人: Laura German
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2017666&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Translating; Indigenous

Prior consultation policies,which mandate that indigenous communities affected by a proposed law or project are consulted before the activity begins, have proliferated in recent years across many sectors and locations but can be traced back to international indigenous rights law. This research examines how international indigenous rights laws get strategically transformed or “translated” from the international legal sphere to differing local political contexts. This approach goes beyond considering policy in terms of legal interpretations, implementation barriers, or compliance failures, to examine the continuous processes of transformation it undergoes as a result of the strategies of particular actors. A deeper understanding of what makes policy effective (and what “effective" means to different groups of people) is prudent in an era when the international legal sphere is frequently looked to for solving intractable problems like climate change, poverty, and biodiversity loss, but which relies on national and sub- national implementation into diverse social and ecological contexts.Building on anthropological and legal studies of indigenous rights, this research applies a “policy translation” framework to indigenous rights law, bringing a new theoretical and methodological approach to examine this body of law. Policy analyses, archival research, and ethnographic methods will be used to trace how Peru’s prior consultation law (and the international law from which it was derived) has been translated in writing and in practice, from the international, to the national, to the subnational levels during one year of fieldwork, split between Lima and four field sites in the Peruvian Andes where prior consultation has been implemented in the mining sector. By conducting interviews with a wide array of actors involved in and impacted by this law, analyzing archival records of media, financial, and legal data to elicit the wider context surrounding the creation and implementation of the law, and conducting mapping exercises to spatialize the outcomes of the law in each of the four sites in the Andes, the researchers will examine the strategies and spaces used by various actors (indigenous groups, businesses, NGOs, and government agencies) to shape policy meaning, practice, and outcomes according to their interests. Ultimately, this research will shed light on the ways that different actors leverage their power over the legal apparatus, an issue that has broad relevance to other legal contexts. The proliferation of prior consultation policies in diverse political and ecological contexts across the world and the growing relevance of international laws makes this research timely and compelling.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

事先协商政策要求在拟议的法律或项目开始之前与受其影响的土著社区进行协商，近年来在许多部门和地区得到了广泛推广，但这可以追溯到国际土著权利法。本研究考察了国际土著权利法如何从国际法律领域得到战略转变或“翻译”到不同的地方政治背景。这种方法超越了从法律解释、实施障碍或遵从失败的角度来考虑政策，而是检查由于特定行为者的策略而经历的持续的转变过程。在一个国际法律领域经常被用来解决气候变化、贫困和生物多样性丧失等棘手问题的时代，更深入地理解是什么使政策有效（以及“有效”对不同人群意味着什么）是明智的，但这依赖于国家和次国家在不同社会和生态背景下的实施。本研究以土著权利的人类学和法学研究为基础，将“政策翻译”框架应用于土著权利法，为研究这一法律体系带来了新的理论和方法方法。政策分析、档案研究和民族志方法将用于追踪秘鲁的事先协商法（及其衍生的国际法）是如何在一年的实地考察期间以书面形式和实践方式从国际、国家、国家以下各级进行翻译的。实地考察在利马和秘鲁安第斯山脉的四个实地考察地点进行，这些地点在采矿业实施了事先协商。通过对参与和受该法律影响的众多行动者进行访谈，分析媒体、金融和法律数据的档案记录，以引出围绕该法律的制定和实施的更广泛背景，并进行制图练习，将该法律在安第斯山脉四个地点的结果空间化，研究人员将研究各种行动者(土著群体、企业、非政府组织、以及政府机构)根据他们的利益来塑造政策的意义、实践和结果。最终，这项研究将阐明不同行为者在法律机构中利用其权力的方式，这一问题与其他法律背景具有广泛的相关性。在世界各地不同的政治和生态背景下，事先协商政策的扩散以及国际法的日益相关性使得这项研究及时而引人注目。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。