Collaborative Research: Improving Design for Additive Manufacturing through Physically-integrated Design Concepts Generated from Computationally Efficient Graph Coloring Techniques

增材制造或3D打印被誉为第三次工业革命，因为它以独特的方式改变了产品的构思、设计、制造和向最终用户分发的方式。该研究项目解决了目前阻碍增材制造产品在工业规模上生产的关键科学和工程障碍。该项目特别关注如何更好地设计将通过增材制造生产的产品，考虑到制造限制和将零件组装成最终产品的挑战。该研究将产生快速算法，用于生成和选择设计概念，这些设计概念具有覆盖所有功能需求所需的最小零件数量，并满足增材制造过程施加的限制。这将促进3D打印产品的大批量批量生产，从而进一步提高增材制造的实用性和经济效益。通过布法罗大学（UB）和罗切斯特理工学院（RIT）的共同努力，该项目跨越了多个学科。该项目将通过将研究结果引入现有课程，加强两所参与大学与增材制造设计相关的课程。外展活动将通过与UB的Tech-Savvy项目合作组织的针对K-12学生的研讨会，促进妇女和少数民族进入先进制造业。研究界将通过一个关于基于决策的设计中计算效率方法的道路绘图讲习班参与其中。本研究的目的是定义一个规定的理论框架和实践方法，用于分类和生成可通过增材制造有效实现的物理集成设计概念。该框架基于功能需求独立性原则，将物理集成问题建模为图着色问题。该研究将产生基于放电技术和组合Nullstellensatz相结合的新的计算效率（多项式时间）的图形着色算法。新的算法和设计框架将在代表性设计问题上进行演示和评估，并通过增材制造实现最终设计。生产效率的措施，如表面粗糙度，积累时间和成本，将被考虑。

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing has been hailed as the third industrial revolution because of the unique way it changes how products are conceived, designed, manufactured and distributed to end users. This research project addresses key scientific and engineering barriers that currently prevent the production of additively manufactured products at an industrially-relevant scale. In particular, the project focuses on how to better design products that will be produced via additive manufacturing by considering manufacturing constraints and challenges associated with assembling parts into final products. The study will result in fast algorithms for generating and selecting design concepts that have the minimum number of parts required to cover all functional requirements and that meet constraints imposed by the additive manufacturing process. This will facilitate high-volume, mass production of 3D printed products, thereby furthering the practicality and economic impact of additive manufacturing. The project spans several disciplines through a joint effort between the University at Buffalo (UB) and Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT). The project will enhance the curriculum related to design for additive manufacturing at the two participating universities by introducing results from this research into existing courses. Outreach activities will promote the recruitment of women and minorities to advanced manufacturing through workshops aimed at K-12 students organized in partnership with the Tech-Savvy program at UB. The research community will be engaged through a road-mapping workshop on computationally efficient methods in decision-based design. The objective of this research is to define a prescribed theoretical framework and practical methods for classifying and generating physically integrated design concepts that can be realized effectively through additive manufacturing. The framework is based on the independence of functional requirements principle and modeling of physical integration problems as graph coloring problems. The research will result in new, computationally efficient (polynomial-time) graph-coloring algorithms based on discharging techniques in combination with Combinatorial Nullstellensatz. The new algorithms and design framework will be demonstrated and evaluated on representative design problems with the resulting designs being realized through additive manufacturing. Manufacturing productivity measures such as surface roughness, buildup time and cost, will be considered.