Collaborative Research: Measuring leaping performance, evaluating its anatomical correlates, and reconsidering the importance of leaping in primate origins and early evolution

合作研究：测量跳跃表现，评估其解剖学相关性，并重新考虑跳跃在灵长类起源和早期进化中的重要性

• 批准号: 2020515
• 负责人: Jesse Young
• 金额: $ 24.14万
• 依托单位: Northeast Ohio Medical University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-15 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2020515&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Measuring; leaping; performance

Primate species display a diverse range of adaptations for moving through their environments, and hypotheses about these locomotor patterns have long played a central role in models of primate origins. In this project, the investigators will use an integrative set of analytical techniques to (1) explore the correlation of “leaping related” skeletal traits with leaping performance and (2) assess the evolutionary implications of the resulting correlations in the primate fossil record. This approach is designed to provide validated evidence capable of supporting or refuting the hypothesis that selection for powerful arboreal leaping characterized early primate locomotion. Utilizing research facilities at the Duke Lemur Center and the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo (CMZ), this study will contribute to the debate on the relevance of leaping behavior during early primate evolution by providing quantitative biomechanical data on leaping performance in 19 species of extant primates. The project will enhance K-12 education and outreach via the involvement of high school research interns at Northeast Ohio Medical University and Duke University, as well as public outreach efforts through the teaching of a short course on primate locomotor biomechanics at a local STEM academy and public science events at the CMZ, Duke University’s Darwin Day, and the North Carolina Museum of Natural Science. The project will also provide research training and opportunities for undergraduates, female graduate students, and a postdoctoral fellow. Differing hypotheses about ancestral primate locomotion have long generated strong debate about the predominant selective pressures acting during primate origins. Recent paleontological analyses have been interpreted to suggest that selection for improved leaping was particularly critical during early primate evolution. Hypotheses about the paleobiology of ancestral primates are constrained by a limited understanding of the functional significance of morphological variation in extinct lineages, as fossils currently provide only imprecise clues about behavioral capacity. Robust correlations between morphology and performance are needed to more precisely infer locomotor transitions during primate origins from the anatomical transformations revealed by fossils. Fortunately, leaping biomechanics are relatively easy to characterize, making this a particularly tractable locomotor behavior to study. This research is organized into two specific aims. (AIM 1) Investigators will use high-speed video and force plates to study leaping performance in a diverse sample of extant primates, squirrels, and treeshrews. These data will be combined with morphometric datasets to test hypotheses relating variation in leaping performance to variation in skeletal morphology. (AIM 2) Armed with a deeper understanding of the functional morphology of leaping performance, investigators will use phylogenetic comparative analyses and evolutionary modeling to investigate the selective importance of leaping at the origin of crown primates and during their subsequent evolution. This two-pronged approach will ground interpretations of primate “leaping” morphology with transformational functional specificity, permitting assessment of how morphological changes in the primate fossil record quantitatively affected leaping performance and informing long-standing debates on the ecological context of primate origins. This project is jointly supported by the NSF SBE-BCS-Biological Anthropology and BIO-IOS-Physiological Mechanisms and Biomechanics programs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

灵长类物种在其环境中移动时表现出各种各样的适应性，关于这些运动模式的假设长期以来在灵长类起源模型中发挥着核心作用。在这个项目中，研究人员将使用一套综合的分析技术来（1）探索“跳跃相关”骨骼特征与跳跃性能的相关性，（2）评估灵长类化石记录中相关性的进化意义。这种方法的目的是提供有效的证据，能够支持或反驳的假设，选择强大的树跳早期灵长类动物运动的特点。利用杜克狐猴中心和克利夫兰大都会动物园（CMZ）的研究设施，这项研究将有助于通过提供19种现存灵长类动物跳跃性能的定量生物力学数据来讨论早期灵长类动物进化过程中跳跃行为的相关性。该项目将通过东北俄亥俄州医科大学和杜克大学的高中研究实习生的参与，以及通过在当地STEM学院教授灵长类动物运动生物力学的短期课程和CMZ、杜克大学的达尔文日和北卡罗来纳州自然科学博物馆的公共科学活动，加强K-12教育和外展工作。该项目还将为本科生、女研究生和一名博士后研究员提供研究培训和机会。关于灵长类祖先运动的不同假设长期以来一直引发了关于灵长类起源过程中主要选择压力的激烈争论。最近的古生物学分析表明，在早期灵长类动物进化过程中，进化跳跃能力的选择尤为重要。关于灵长类祖先的古生物学的假设受到对灭绝谱系中形态变异的功能意义的有限理解的限制，因为化石目前只提供关于行为能力的不精确线索。形态和性能之间的强大的相关性，需要更精确地推断运动过渡灵长类动物的起源，从化石揭示的解剖学转变。幸运的是，跳跃的生物力学相对容易描述，这使得它成为一种特别容易研究的运动行为。这项研究分为两个具体目标。(AIM 1）研究人员将使用高速视频和力板来研究现存灵长类动物、松鼠和树鼩的跳跃性能。这些数据将与形态测量数据集相结合，以测试跳跃性能变化与骨骼形态变化相关的假设。(AIM 2）随着对跳跃性能的功能形态学的更深入理解，研究人员将使用系统发育比较分析和进化建模来研究跳跃在冠灵长类起源及其随后进化过程中的选择重要性。这种双管齐下的方法将地面解释灵长类动物的“跳跃”形态与转换功能的特异性，允许评估灵长类动物化石记录中的形态变化如何定量影响跳跃性能，并告知长期存在的争论灵长类动物起源的生态背景。 该项目由NSF SBE-BCS-生物人类学和BIO-IOS-生理机制和生物力学项目共同支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Relative hindlimb length and hindlimb segmental proportions as indicators of locomotor category in primates, rodents, and tree shrews

相对后肢长度和后肢节段比例作为灵长类动物、啮齿动物和树鼩运动类别的指标

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: American journal of biological anthropology
• 作者: Yapuncich GS, Hegarty E

Jumping performance in tree squirrels: Insights into primate evolution

树松鼠的跳跃表现：深入了解灵长类动物的进化

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103386
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Human Evolution
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Boulinguez-Ambroise, Grégoire;Dunham, Noah;Phelps, Taylor;Mazonas, Thomas;Nguyen, Peter;Bradley-Cronkwright, Madison;Boyer, Doug M.;Yapuncich, Gabriel S.;Zeininger, Angel;Schmitt, Daniel
• 通讯作者: Schmitt, Daniel

It seems they glide: aerodynamics of vertical descent in Galago moholi.

它们似乎在滑行：Galago moholi 垂直下降的空气动力学。

• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: American journal of biological anthropology
• 作者: Young, Jesse W;Boulinguez-Ambroise, Grégoire;Bakos, Emmett;Hieronymus, Tobin L;Dunham Noah T
• 通讯作者: Dunham Noah T

Vertical jumping agility as a key measure of performance in strepsirrhine primates.

垂直跳跃敏捷性是衡量链球菌灵长类动物表现的关键指标。

• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: American journal of biological anthropology
• 作者: Bradley-Cronkwright, Madison;Yapuncich, Gabriel S;Boulinguez-Ambroise, Grégoire;Dunham, Noah T;Zeininger, Angel;Schmitt, Daniel;Young, Jesse W;Boyer, Douglas M.
• 通讯作者: Boyer, Douglas M.

How to surpass yourself at jumping: a lesson from zoo-living bicolor tamarins and Goeldi’s monkeys.

如何在跳跃方面超越自己：来自动物园的双色狨猴和格尔迪猴的教训。

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: American journal of primatology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Boulinguez-Ambroise, Grégoire;Dunham, Noah T;Bradley-Cronkwright, Madison;Boyer, Douglas M.;Yapuncich, Gabriel S.;Zeininger, Angel;Schmitt, Daniel;Young, Jesse W.
• 通讯作者: Young, Jesse W.