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Collaborative Research: Water on the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Quantifying Surface Melt and Mapping Supraglacial Lakes

合作研究：南极冰盖上的水：量化地表融化并绘制冰上湖泊地图

基本信息

批准号：
2021699
负责人：
Luke Trusel
金额：
$ 9.79万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-24 至 2023-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2021699&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Water Antarctic Ice

项目摘要

Melting of snow and ice at the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet can lead to the formation of meltwater lakes, an important precursor to ice-shelf collapse and accelerated ice-sheet mass loss. Understanding the present state of Antarctic surface melt provides a baseline to gauge how quickly melt impacts could evolve in the future and to reduce uncertainties in estimates of future sea-level rise. This project will use a suite of complimentary measurements from Earth-observing satellites, ground observations, and numerical climate and ice-shelf models to enhance understanding of surface melt and lakes, as well as the processes linking these systems. The project directly supports the scientific training of a postdoctoral associate and several undergraduate researchers. In addition, it will promote public scientific literacy and the broadening of quantitative skills for high-school students through the development and implementation of an educational unit in a partnership with an education and outreach expert and two high school teachers.Accurate prediction of sea-level contributions from Antarctica critically requires understanding current melting and supraglacial lake conditions. This project will quantify Antarctic surface melt and supraglacial lakes, and the linkages between the two phenomena. Scatterometer data will enable generation of a 19-year multi-sensor melt time series. Synthetic aperture radar data will document melt conditions across all Antarctic ice shelves at the highest spatial resolution to date (40 m). Multispectral satellite imagery will be used to delineate and measure the depth of supraglacial lakes--for the first time studying the spatial and temporal variations of Antarctic supraglacial lakes. Melt and lake observations will be compared to identify agreement and disagreement. Melt observations will be used to evaluate biases in a widely used, reanalysis-driven, regional climate model. This model will then be used to examine climatic and glaciological variables associated with supraglacial lakes. Finally, in situ observations and climate model output will drive a numerical model that simulates the entire lifecycle of surface melt and possible subsequent lake formation.

南极冰盖表面的冰雪融化可能导致融水湖的形成，这是冰架崩溃和冰盖质量加速损失的重要前兆。了解南极表面融化的现状可以提供一个基线，以衡量融化影响在未来的发展速度，并减少未来海平面上升估计的不确定性。该项目将使用一套来自地球观测卫星、地面观测以及数值气候和冰架模型的补充测量数据，以加强对地表融化和湖泊以及连接这些系统的过程的了解。该项目直接支持一名博士后助理和几名本科生研究人员的科学培训。此外，它还将与一名教育和外联专家及两名高中教师合作，建立和实施一个教育单位，以促进公众科学素养，扩大高中学生的定量技能，准确预测南极洲对海平面的影响，关键是要了解目前的融化和冰上湖的状况。该项目将量化南极表面融化和冰上湖以及这两种现象之间的联系。散射仪数据将能够生成19年的多传感器融化时间序列。合成孔径雷达数据将以迄今为止最高的空间分辨率（40米）记录所有南极冰架的融化情况。多谱段卫星图像将用于描绘和测量冰上湖的深度-这是首次研究南极冰上湖的空间和时间变化。将比较熔体和湖泊观测结果，以确定一致和不一致。熔融观测将用于评估广泛使用的再分析驱动的区域气候模式中的偏差。然后，这个模型将被用来检查气候和冰川学变量与冰上湖。最后，现场观测和气候模式输出将驱动一个数值模型，模拟表面融化和可能随后形成湖泊的整个生命周期。