Isoprene emission from plants: An evolutionary balancing act

许多植物，特别是树木，会产生一种叫做异戊二烯的碳氢化合物，它是排放到大气中的碳氢化合物的最大来源。大气中的碳氢化合物可能会对大气污染产生重大影响。另一方面，异戊二烯似乎给植物提供了抵抗某些压力的能力，如温度和臭氧的迅速上升。因为只有一些树会产生异戊二烯，所以人们认为植物制造异戊二烯的优势和成本之间存在着微妙的平衡。这项研究专门测试了植物排放异戊二烯的益处和成本。这将提供有关异戊二烯排放效用的信息，并有助于确定育种和工程计划是否应该以增加或减少作物异戊二烯排放为目标。本科生的暑期研究实习将培训学生进行现代植物研究，帮助他们确定自己的学术目标，并为加入未来多元化和具有全球竞争力的劳动力做好准备。公众的科学素养将通过参加“植物魅力日”和密歇根州立大学科学节来促进，这些年度活动旨在让公众了解科学及其在日常生活中的用途。植物排放的异戊二烯是大气中挥发性碳氢化合物的最大来源。它会迅速分解，当存在氮氧化物时，它会对大气中的臭氧、颗粒物和甲醛产生影响。对异戊二烯在植物功能中的作用的全面了解还没有出现。异戊二烯排放能力的演变是一个谜，它似乎经历了多次进化，异戊二烯排放能力似乎也多次丧失。拟议的工作将系统地评估植物中异戊二烯排放能力的演变。异戊二烯排放的相对频繁的得失及其在陆地植物中的分散分布表明，该性状一直处于进化平衡中，增强了植物的适应能力和适合度，但也付出了一定的代价，从而对不同的进化限制做出了反应。异戊二烯似乎有助于植物耐受某些类型的高温胁迫和氧化损伤。在存在和不存在异戊二烯排放的情况下，温度和氧化应激的影响将在三个物种中进行研究，这三个物种是：制造异戊二烯的拟南芥、制造异戊二烯的烟草和停止制造异戊二烯的杨树。除了温度和氧化胁迫，还将探讨盐胁迫、水分胁迫、茉莉酸信号转导和坏死性病原体抗性。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Many plants, especially trees, make a hydrocarbon called isoprene which is the single biggest source of hydrocarbon emitted to the atmosphere. Atmospheric hydrocarbons can have a significant effect on atmospheric pollution. On the other hand, isoprene appears to give plants the ability to resist some stresses such as rapid increases in temperature and ozone. Because only some trees make isoprene it is believed that there is a fine balance between the advantages and costs to plants to making it. This research specifically tests the benefits and costs of isoprene emission from plants. This will provide information about the utility of isoprene emission and help determine whether breeding and engineering programs should target increasing or decreasing isoprene emission from crops. Summer research internships for undergraduate students will train students in modern plant research, help them identify their academic goals and prepare them to join a future workforce that is diverse and globally competitive. Public scientific literacy will be promoted by participation in “Fascination of Plants Day” and the Michigan State University Science Festival, annual events organized to inform the general public about science and its uses in everyday life. Isoprene emission from plants is the biggest source of volatile hydrocarbon in the atmosphere. It breaks down rapidly and, when there are nitrogen oxides present, it can contribute to ozone, particulates, and formaldehyde in the atmosphere. A comprehensive understanding of the role of isoprene in plant function has not yet emerged. The evolution of the capacity for isoprene emission is enigmatic, it appears to have evolved multiple times and the capacity for isoprene emission also seems to have been lost many times. The proposed work will systematically evaluate the evolution of the capacity for isoprene emission in plants. The relatively frequent gain and loss of isoprene emission and its scattered distribution among land plants indicate that the trait is constantly in an evolutionary balancing act, enhancing plant resilience and fitness but at some cost, thereby responding to varying evolutionary constraints. Isoprene appears to help plants tolerate some types of high temperature stress and oxidative damage. Temperature and oxidative stress effects in the presence and absence of isoprene emission will be studied in three species, Arabidopsis engineered to make isoprene, tobacco engineered to make isoprene, and poplar engineered to stop making isoprene. In addition to temperature and oxidative stress, salt stress, water stress, jasmonic acid signaling, and necrotrophic pathogen resistance will be explored.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.