Isoprene emission from plants: An evolutionary balancing act

植物的异戊二烯排放：进化平衡行为

• 批准号: 2022495
• 负责人: Thomas Sharkey
• 金额: $ 89.89万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2022495&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Isoprene; emission; plants; evolutionary; balancing

Many plants, especially trees, make a hydrocarbon called isoprene which is the single biggest source of hydrocarbon emitted to the atmosphere. Atmospheric hydrocarbons can have a significant effect on atmospheric pollution. On the other hand, isoprene appears to give plants the ability to resist some stresses such as rapid increases in temperature and ozone. Because only some trees make isoprene it is believed that there is a fine balance between the advantages and costs to plants to making it. This research specifically tests the benefits and costs of isoprene emission from plants. This will provide information about the utility of isoprene emission and help determine whether breeding and engineering programs should target increasing or decreasing isoprene emission from crops. Summer research internships for undergraduate students will train students in modern plant research, help them identify their academic goals and prepare them to join a future workforce that is diverse and globally competitive. Public scientific literacy will be promoted by participation in “Fascination of Plants Day” and the Michigan State University Science Festival, annual events organized to inform the general public about science and its uses in everyday life. Isoprene emission from plants is the biggest source of volatile hydrocarbon in the atmosphere. It breaks down rapidly and, when there are nitrogen oxides present, it can contribute to ozone, particulates, and formaldehyde in the atmosphere. A comprehensive understanding of the role of isoprene in plant function has not yet emerged. The evolution of the capacity for isoprene emission is enigmatic, it appears to have evolved multiple times and the capacity for isoprene emission also seems to have been lost many times. The proposed work will systematically evaluate the evolution of the capacity for isoprene emission in plants. The relatively frequent gain and loss of isoprene emission and its scattered distribution among land plants indicate that the trait is constantly in an evolutionary balancing act, enhancing plant resilience and fitness but at some cost, thereby responding to varying evolutionary constraints. Isoprene appears to help plants tolerate some types of high temperature stress and oxidative damage. Temperature and oxidative stress effects in the presence and absence of isoprene emission will be studied in three species, Arabidopsis engineered to make isoprene, tobacco engineered to make isoprene, and poplar engineered to stop making isoprene. In addition to temperature and oxidative stress, salt stress, water stress, jasmonic acid signaling, and necrotrophic pathogen resistance will be explored.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多植物，尤其是树木，会产生一种叫做异戊二烯的碳氢化合物，这是向大气中排放碳氢化合物的最大单一来源。大气中的碳氢化合物对大气污染有显著影响。另一方面，异戊二烯似乎赋予植物抵抗某些压力的能力，如温度和臭氧的迅速增加。因为只有一些树木能制造异戊二烯，所以人们认为，在植物制造异戊二烯的优势和成本之间存在着一个很好的平衡。本研究专门测试了植物排放异戊二烯的收益和成本。这将提供有关异戊二烯排放效用的信息，并有助于确定育种和工程计划是否应以增加或减少作物的异戊二烯排放为目标。面向本科生的暑期研究实习将培养学生在现代植物研究方面的能力，帮助他们确定自己的学术目标，并为他们加入多元化和具有全球竞争力的未来劳动力做好准备。公众的科学素养将通过参与“植物的魅力日”和密歇根州立大学科学节来提高，这两个年度活动旨在向公众宣传科学及其在日常生活中的应用。植物排放的异戊二烯是大气中挥发性烃的最大来源。它会迅速分解，当有氮氧化物存在时，它会在大气中产生臭氧、微粒和甲醛。对异戊二烯在植物功能中的作用尚未有全面的了解。异戊二烯排放能力的演变是一个谜，它似乎经历了多次进化，异戊二烯排放能力也似乎多次丧失。拟议的工作将系统地评价植物排放异戊二烯能力的演变。异戊二烯排放的相对频繁的增减及其在陆地植物中的分散分布表明，该性状一直处于一种进化平衡行为中，增强了植物的适应能力和适应性，但也付出了一定的代价，从而响应了不同的进化约束。异戊二烯似乎有助于植物耐受某些类型的高温胁迫和氧化损伤。温度和氧化应激对三种植物产生异戊二烯的影响将被研究，拟南芥工程产生异戊二烯，烟草工程产生异戊二烯，杨树工程停止产生异戊二烯。除了温度和氧化胁迫，盐胁迫，水胁迫，茉莉酸信号和坏死性病原体抗性将被探索。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Isoprene measurements to assess plant hydrocarbon emissions and the methylerythritol pathway

异戊二烯测量用于评估植物碳氢化合物排放和甲基赤藓糖醇途径

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Methods in enzymology
• 作者: Werdauwage, S.M.;Rasulov, B.;Sahu, A.;Niinemets, Ü;Sharkey, T.D.
• 通讯作者: Sharkey, T.D.