Isoprene emission from plants: An evolutionary balancing act

许多植物，特别是树木，会产生一种叫做异戊二烯的碳氢化合物，异戊二烯是排放到大气中的碳氢化合物的最大来源。大气碳氢化合物对大气污染有显著影响。另一方面，异戊二烯似乎使植物有能力抵抗一些压力，如温度和臭氧的快速增加。因为只有一些树木产生异戊二烯，所以人们相信植物产生异戊二烯的优势和成本之间存在很好的平衡。这项研究专门测试了植物排放异戊二烯的收益和成本。这将提供有关异戊二烯排放效用的信息，并有助于确定育种和工程计划是否应该以增加或减少作物异戊二烯排放为目标。本科生暑期研究实习将培养学生在现代植物研究，帮助他们确定自己的学术目标，并准备他们加入未来的劳动力，是多元化和全球竞争力。将通过参加“植物魅力日”和密歇根州立大学科学节来提高公众的科学素养，这些年度活动旨在向公众宣传科学及其在日常生活中的用途。植物排放的异戊二烯是大气中挥发性碳氢化合物的最大来源。它会迅速分解，当存在氮氧化物时，它会导致大气中的臭氧，颗粒物和甲醛。对异戊二烯在植物功能中的作用的全面理解尚未出现。异戊二烯排放能力的演变是神秘的，它似乎经历了多次演变，异戊二烯排放能力似乎也经历了多次丧失。这项工作将系统地评估植物异戊二烯排放能力的演变。异戊二烯排放量相对频繁的增加和减少及其在陆地植物中的分散分布表明，该性状不断处于进化平衡状态，增强植物的适应性和适应性，但以一定的代价，从而响应不同的进化约束。异戊二烯似乎有助于植物耐受某些类型的高温胁迫和氧化损伤。温度和氧化应激的影响，异戊二烯排放的存在和不存在下，将在三个物种，拟南芥工程，使异戊二烯，烟草工程，使异戊二烯，白杨工程，停止异戊二烯。除了温度和氧化应激外，还将探索盐应激、水应激、茉莉酸信号传导和坏死性病原体抗性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的评估被认为值得支持影响审查标准。

Many plants, especially trees, make a hydrocarbon called isoprene which is the single biggest source of hydrocarbon emitted to the atmosphere. Atmospheric hydrocarbons can have a significant effect on atmospheric pollution. On the other hand, isoprene appears to give plants the ability to resist some stresses such as rapid increases in temperature and ozone. Because only some trees make isoprene it is believed that there is a fine balance between the advantages and costs to plants to making it. This research specifically tests the benefits and costs of isoprene emission from plants. This will provide information about the utility of isoprene emission and help determine whether breeding and engineering programs should target increasing or decreasing isoprene emission from crops. Summer research internships for undergraduate students will train students in modern plant research, help them identify their academic goals and prepare them to join a future workforce that is diverse and globally competitive. Public scientific literacy will be promoted by participation in “Fascination of Plants Day” and the Michigan State University Science Festival, annual events organized to inform the general public about science and its uses in everyday life. Isoprene emission from plants is the biggest source of volatile hydrocarbon in the atmosphere. It breaks down rapidly and, when there are nitrogen oxides present, it can contribute to ozone, particulates, and formaldehyde in the atmosphere. A comprehensive understanding of the role of isoprene in plant function has not yet emerged. The evolution of the capacity for isoprene emission is enigmatic, it appears to have evolved multiple times and the capacity for isoprene emission also seems to have been lost many times. The proposed work will systematically evaluate the evolution of the capacity for isoprene emission in plants. The relatively frequent gain and loss of isoprene emission and its scattered distribution among land plants indicate that the trait is constantly in an evolutionary balancing act, enhancing plant resilience and fitness but at some cost, thereby responding to varying evolutionary constraints. Isoprene appears to help plants tolerate some types of high temperature stress and oxidative damage. Temperature and oxidative stress effects in the presence and absence of isoprene emission will be studied in three species, Arabidopsis engineered to make isoprene, tobacco engineered to make isoprene, and poplar engineered to stop making isoprene. In addition to temperature and oxidative stress, salt stress, water stress, jasmonic acid signaling, and necrotrophic pathogen resistance will be explored.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.