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Collaborative Research: The effects of marine heatwaves on reproduction, larval transport and recruitment in sea urchin metapopulations

合作研究：海洋热浪对海胆集合种群繁殖、幼虫运输和补充的影响

基本信息

批准号：
2023693
负责人：
Rachel Simons
金额：
$ 21.17万
依托单位：
University of California-Santa Barbara
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-10-01 至 2025-09-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2023693&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research effects marine heatwaves

项目摘要

Rapid and extreme warming events such as El Niño and marine heatwaves have had ecological and economic impacts on nearshore marine ecosystems. These impacts include reductions in biomass and collapses in commercial fisheries. For many species, population booms and busts are controlled by shifts in reproduction and juvenile dispersal related to warmer temperatures and ocean circulation. However, how population fluctuations are shaped by interacting processes that control adult reproduction and larval survival remains unclear. Marine heatwaves often accompany major disruptions in ocean circulation, which can affect survival and the distribution of species that produce free-floating, planktonic larvae. As a result, species can be impacted directly by temperature effects on organismal reproduction and survival, and indirectly by shifts in ocean circulation that affect larval success. This project is examining how the joint effects of temperature and ocean circulation are controlling populations of purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). To address project objectives, the team is developing oceanographic models to predict dispersal of planktonic larvae in combination with controlled experiments on adult reproductive success. This project is advancing the understanding of how ecologically important species respond to ocean temperature and circulation, which are forecast to shift under future climate change scenarios. Broader impacts of the project include training of students and post-docs in STEM and educational outreach. Curriculum development and implementation is occurring in collaboration with existing K-12 outreach programs that focus on underserved communities and under-represented groups. The goal is to empower the next generation of scientists to use integrative approaches to predict ecological consequences of climate change. Purple sea urchins are an ideal species for studying the coupled impacts of warming and ocean circulation on recruitment and survival given a wealth of ecological and organismal data. The species has a mapped genome, can be transported large distances as larvae by ocean currents, and larval abundances in California exhibit orders of magnitude variation with heatwaves and El Niño fluctuations. To quantify the processes that shape spatial and temporal variability in larval supply, researchers are applying a novel combination of biophysical modeling, experiments and statistical modeling of long-term, high-resolution data on larval settlement across the Southern California Bight (SCB). Research module 1 is quantifying spatial and temporal patterns of larval transport using a 3D-biophysical model of the SCB. The model is testing how interactions among historical changes in ocean circulation and temperature, larval life history, and larval behavioral traits affect variation in larval supply in space and time. Research module 2 is focused on how temperature could affect spatial and temporal variation in egg production. Experiments are characterizing reproductive thermal performance curves and quantifying how these vary among populations and organismal history. A novel assay is assessing epigenetic regulation of gene expression associated with performance curves. Finally, Module 3 will integrate mechanistic models from Modules 1 and 2 to statistically assess their ability to explain spatial and temporal trends in a nearly three-decade dataset of larval settlement from six sites in the SCB. This is one of the first studies that integrates models of larval transport, reproductive performance and settlement data to empirically test how physical and biological processes affect local recruitment patterns in complex marine meta-populations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

厄尔尼诺和海洋热浪等快速和极端变暖事件对近岸海洋生态系统产生了生态和经济影响。这些影响包括生物量的减少和商业渔业的崩溃。对于许多物种来说，种群数量的兴衰是由与变暖和海洋环流相关的繁殖和幼体扩散的转变控制的。然而，控制成虫繁殖和幼虫存活的相互作用过程是如何影响种群波动的，目前尚不清楚。海洋热浪经常伴随着海洋循环的重大破坏，这可能会影响产生自由漂浮的浮游幼虫的物种的生存和分布。因此，物种可能直接受到温度对生物繁殖和生存的影响，并间接受到影响幼虫成功的海洋循环变化的影响。该项目正在研究温度和海洋环流的共同影响是如何控制紫海胆(紫海胆)的数量的。为了达到项目目标，该团队正在开发预测浮游幼虫扩散的海洋学模型，并结合关于成虫繁殖成功的受控实验。该项目正在推进对生态重要物种如何对海洋温度和环流做出反应的理解，预计在未来气候变化情景下，海洋温度和环流将发生变化。该项目的更广泛影响包括对学生和博士后进行STEM和教育推广方面的培训。课程的制定和实施是与现有的K-12外联方案合作进行的，这些方案侧重于服务不足的社区和代表性不足的群体。其目标是使下一代科学家能够使用综合方法来预测气候变化的生态后果。鉴于丰富的生态和生物数据，紫色海胆是研究气候变暖和海洋环流对招募和生存的双重影响的理想物种。该物种有一个绘制的基因组图，可以像幼虫一样被洋流运送到很远的距离，加州的幼虫丰度随着热浪和厄尔尼诺现象的波动表现出数量级的变化。为了量化形成幼虫供应空间和时间变异性的过程，研究人员正在应用生物物理建模、实验和统计建模的新组合，这些数据是关于南加州海湾(SCB)幼虫定居的长期、高分辨率数据。研究模块1正在使用沙门氏菌的3D生物物理模型量化幼虫运输的空间和时间模式。该模型正在测试海洋环流和温度的历史变化、幼虫生活史和幼虫行为特征之间的相互作用如何影响幼虫供应在空间和时间上的变化。研究模块2的重点是温度如何影响鸡蛋生产的时空变化。实验正在表征生殖热性能曲线，并量化这些曲线在种群和有机体历史中的变化。一种新的检测方法正在评估与性能曲线相关的基因表达的表观遗传调节。最后，模块3将整合模块1和模块2的机械模型，以统计评估它们解释来自SCB 6个地点的近30年幼虫定居数据集的空间和时间趋势的能力。这是第一批整合幼虫运输、繁殖性能和定居数据模型的研究之一，以经验性地测试物理和生物过程如何影响复杂海洋集合中的当地招募模式。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。