Fostering a Culture of Openness and Transparency with Institutional Authorship Policies

合作和合著对于建立科学中的信誉和责任至关重要，与之相关的合著纠纷和不道德行为日益受到关注。此外，就有关各方的相对权力而言，著作权纠纷往往是不对称的，这对争端中的一些当事方造成了系统性的不利影响。该项目是一项为期多年的干预研究，旨在测试机构著作权政策和伦理著作权培训在促进研究型大学STEM学科的伦理著作权实践和改善对研究文化和环境的看法方面的有效性。将在研究型大学制定和宣传机构署名政策，并将利用实验测试不同形式的干预措施的有效性，以鼓励STEM学员和教职员工完成高质量的署名协议，并改善他们对伦理署名做法和机构研究文化的看法。这项研究将在可供其他机构使用的最佳做法的基础上制定一项示范机构署名政策，为研究人员编写关于伦理署名的新培训材料，并编写开源材料，以促进在研究密集型机构实施开放的研究和署名做法文化。该项目开发和测试全校园机构署名政策的效果，以评估其对伦理署名做法和改善对伦理研究氛围的看法的影响。为此，将制定一项机构作者政策，并设计有关该政策和伦理作者做法的教育工具。STEM博士和博士后实习生随后被招募，以完成与他们的研究顾问的作者协议。参与者被随机分配到低敬业度或高敬业度的处理，并将进行调查，以实验性地测试每种培训方法对完成高质量的作者协议以及对机构作者做法和道德文化的看法的相对影响。该项目产生了关于不同参与策略的有效性的概括性证据，这些策略鼓励研究人员采用伦理程序来确定作者身份，以及机构努力解决作者身份伦理问题是否可以改善作者身份和研究伦理的制度环境。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Collaboration and co-authorship are essential for establishing credit and accountability in science, and co-authorship disputes and unethical behavior related to it are a growing concern. Moreover, authorship disputes are often asymmetrical in terms of the relative power of those involved, systematically disadvantaging some parties in the dispute. This project is a multi-year intervention study designed to test the efficacy of institutional authorship policies and ethical authorship training for promoting ethical authorship practices and improving perceptions of research culture and climate across STEM disciplines at research universities. An institutional authorship policy will be developed and publicized at a research university, and an experimental test will be used to the effectiveness of different forms of the intervention for encouraging STEM trainees and faculty to complete quality authorship agreements, and for improving their perceptions of ethical authorship practices and the institutional research culture. This research will produce a model institutional authorship policy based on best practices that can be used by other institutions, new training materials for educating researchers about ethical authorship, and open-source materials to facilitate the implementation of open cultures of research and authorship practices at research-intensive institutionsThe project develops and tests the effects of a campus-wide institutional authorship policy to assess its effects on ethical authorship practices and improving perceptions of ethical research climates. To do so, an institutional authorship policy will be created and educational tools regarding the policy and ethical authorship practices are designed. STEM doctoral and post-doctoral trainees are then recruited to complete an authorship agreement with their research advisor. Participants are randomly assigned to a low-engagement or high-engagement treatment and surveys would be administered to experimentally test the relative effects of each training approach on the completion of quality authorship agreements and perceptions of institutional authorship practices and ethical culture. This project results in generalizable evidence about the effectiveness of different engagement strategies for encouraging researchers to adopt ethical processes for determining authorship and if institutional efforts to address authorship ethics can improve the institutional climate for authorship and research ethics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.