Collaborative Research: NRI: FND: Grounded Reasoning about Robot Capabilities for Law and Policy

合作研究：NRI：FND：关于机器人法律和政策能力的基础推理

• 批准号: 2024872
• 负责人: Cindy Grimm
• 金额: $ 49.92万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2024872&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; NRI; FND; Grounded

ABSTRACT This award supports a research project that focuses on developing tools and best practices for promoting effective collaboration between legal and policy experts and roboticists. This collaboration serves two purposes: (1) to better ensure the safe and effective development of collaborative robots; and (2) to create effective and appropriate laws and policies governing their deployment in public spaces. The research team plans to develop a specification language and interactive tools for enabling reasoning about how robots and autonomous systems work, at a non-technical level. Combined with “What If?” case studies, this will facilitate dialog between technical experts and their legal and policy counterparts. The specification language and reasoning toolkit will be designed to evolve simultaneously with, and support, rapid changes in specific technology within the context of existing legal and policy frameworks. The team will use the legal concept of case studies to ground reasoning within a specific scenario. Each case study will consist of a complete description of how the necessary robot capabilities might be implemented, complete with assumptions and potential failures. The results of this research will enable legal and policy experts and roboticists to more accurately reason about the intersection of robotic systems and legal and policy frameworks before either are implemented. Specifically, this will support legal and policy experts in more accurately designing effective policy, legislation, and regulation around robotics that is meaningful and feasible, and will support robotic researchers in designing systems that incorporate legal and ethical questions into their design choices.The research team will engage in an interdisciplinary development of a structured language paradigm (comprised of syntax, semantics, and system descriptions) that supports grounded reasoning about robotics in law and policy contexts. These language paradigms will be instantiated as interactive experiences that enable embodied reasoning and metaphor exploration by experts and non-experts alike. These experiences will be developed around a specific set of near-term, feasible robot tasks, existing robot capabilities and known failure modes, metaphors to explain those capabilities, and specific scenarios that highlight common misconceptions. These experiences will be evaluated on their effectiveness in enabling non-technical people to reason about, and predict, autonomous system behavior. On the legal and policy side, the research team will engage with experts in these areas to develop specific hypothetical case studies (based on the identified tasks) that illustrate how to view technological choices through a law and policy lens. Specifically, team members will work collaboratively to develop a set of associated design patterns that assist in mapping technical concepts to the structured language and the interactive visualizations, develop a prototype suite of interactive training applications, and construct a set of case studies for specific robot-use scenarios that enables meaningful dialog around law and policy and robotics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持一个研究项目，该项目专注于开发工具和最佳实践，以促进法律的和政策专家与机器人专家之间的有效合作。这种合作有两个目的：（1）更好地确保协作机器人的安全和有效发展;（2）制定有效和适当的法律和政策来管理它们在公共场所的部署。该研究团队计划开发一种规范语言和交互式工具，以便在非技术层面上对机器人和自主系统如何工作进行推理。结合“如果？”案例研究，这将促进技术专家与其法律的和政策对应方之间的对话。规格说明语言和推理工具包的设计将与现有法律的和政策框架内具体技术的快速变化同步发展，并支持这些变化。该小组将使用案例研究的法律的概念，在具体情况下进行推理。每个案例研究将包括如何实现必要的机器人功能的完整描述，以及假设和潜在的故障。这项研究的结果将使法律的和政策专家和机器人专家能够更准确地推理机器人系统与法律的和政策框架的交叉点，然后再实施。具体而言，这将支持法律的和政策专家更准确地设计有效的政策，立法和法规，围绕机器人技术，这是有意义的和可行的，并将支持机器人研究人员设计系统，将法律的和伦理问题纳入他们的设计选择。（包括语法，语义和系统描述），支持在法律和政策背景下对机器人技术的基础推理。这些语言范例将被实例化为交互式体验，使专家和非专家都能进行具身推理和隐喻探索。这些经验将围绕一组特定的近期可行的机器人任务，现有的机器人能力和已知的故障模式，解释这些能力的隐喻，以及突出常见误解的特定场景来开发。这些经验将根据其在使非技术人员能够推理和预测自主系统行为方面的有效性进行评估。在法律的和政策方面，研究小组将与这些领域的专家合作，（根据确定的任务）开展具体的假设案例研究，说明如何通过法律和政策透镜看待技术选择。具体来说，团队成员将合作开发一组相关的设计模式，帮助将技术概念映射到结构化语言和交互式可视化，开发一套交互式培训应用程序的原型，并为特定的机器人构建一组案例研究-该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得支持通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

项目成果

An Education Theory of Fault for Autonomous Systems

自治系统的故障教育理论

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Emerging Technologies
• 作者: Smart, William D.;Grimm, Cindy;Hartzog, Woodrow
• 通讯作者: Hartzog, Woodrow

Effects of Interfaces on Human-Robot Trust: Specifying and Visualizing Physical Zones

界面对人机信任的影响：指定和可视化物理区域

• DOI: 10.1109/icra46639.2022.9811538
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: International Conference on Robotics and Automation
• 作者: Hudspeth, Marisa;Balali, Sogol;Grimm, Cindy;Sowell, Ross T.
• 通讯作者: Sowell, Ross T.