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How social environments affect selection on animal behavioural types

社会环境如何影响动物行为类型的选择

基本信息

批准号：
243242558
负责人：
Dr. Petri Niemelä, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Helsingin Yliopisto
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/243242558?language=en
关键词：
How social environments affect selection

项目摘要

Over the last decade, behavioural ecologists have become increasingly interested in consistent behavioural variation among individuals across time and contexts, called animal personalities in the behavioural ecology literature. Recent meta-analyses have revealed that consistent behavioural differences among individuals are general characteristics of animal populations in nature. In other words, different behavioural types coexist within populations. The social environment, i.e. interactions between conspecifics, represents one of the most dynamic environmental forces that individuals face, because the individuals own behaviour as well as conspecifics behaviours jointly defines the frequency and intensity of the interactions and thus, selection induced by the social environment. Overall fitness of an individual is expected to depend, not only on its own behavioural type, but also on the interaction between its own behavioural type and the composition of behavioural types in the population (i.e. its social environment). Surprisingly, despite the role of the social environment in competition, co-operation and mating, it has so far been largely overlooked and abovementioned predictions have not really been put to the test. In this project, I aim to identify the proximate ecological fitness mechanisms and the ultimate fitness consequences of the interaction between the social composition of a population and behavioural types of individuals. By manipulating the social environment, I aim to study experimentally in natural populations, how the composition of social environment affects an individuals life-time reproductive success, and whether allocation to different behavioural tasks depends on the interaction between an individuals behavioural type and the characteristics of other individuals in its population. I intend to quantify behavioural types by measuring general activity patterns in nature using electronic surveillance system. The proposed study model is the field cricket, Gryllus campestris. Crickets of this genus, such as G. integer, G. bimaculatus, and G. campestris, have been widely used as a model organism in sexual selection, life-history, and behavioural (also animal personality) studies including my own work, and therefore are ideal for addressing the proposed questions.

在过去的十年里，行为生态学家对个体在不同时间和背景下一致的行为变化越来越感兴趣，在行为生态学文献中称为动物个性。最近的荟萃分析表明，个体之间一致的行为差异是自然界中动物种群的一般特征。换句话说，不同的行为类型在种群中共存。社会环境，即同种物质之间的相互作用，代表着个人面临的最动态的环境力量之一，因为个人自身的行为以及同种行为共同定义了相互作用的频率和强度，从而决定了社会环境诱导的选择。预计个人的整体健康状况不仅取决于其自身的行为类型，而且还取决于其自身的行为类型与人口中的行为类型的构成(即其社会环境)之间的相互作用。令人惊讶的是，尽管社会环境在竞争、合作和交配中发挥了作用，但到目前为止，它在很大程度上被忽视了，上述预测也没有真正得到检验。在这个项目中，我的目标是确定种群的社会构成和个人行为类型之间相互作用的最接近的生态适应机制和最终的适应结果。通过操纵社会环境，我的目标是在自然种群中进行实验研究，社会环境的组成如何影响个人一生的生殖成功，以及不同行为任务的分配是否取决于个人行为类型与其种群中其他个人特征之间的相互作用。我打算通过使用电子监视系统测量自然界中的一般活动模式来量化行为类型。所提出的研究模型是田野蟋蟀Gryllus campestris。这一属的蟋蟀，如整数蟋蟀、双斑蟋蟀和野蟋蟀，已经被广泛地用作性别选择、生活史和行为(也包括动物个性)研究的模式生物，包括我自己的工作，因此是解决所提出的问题的理想选择。