RAPID: Shutdowns and Consequences — Extreme Plumbing Stagnation and Recommissioning

RAPID：停机和后果 - 管道极度停滞和重新调试

• 批准号: 2027049
• 负责人: Andrew Whelton
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2027049&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Shutdowns; Consequences; Extreme; Plumbing

The explosive onset of school, business, and event venue shutdowns across the nation to encourage social distancing in response to COVID-19 will be disruptive on multiple levels. While 2-4 week shutdowns are increasingly being declared, some organizations have warned of longer closures. The proposing team's own school and office building water testing evidence indicates such extended shutdowns will have drastic consequences on building drinking water safety: chemical and microbiological water quality potentially presenting serious public health risks. As inhabitants return, they will encounter extremely stagnated water with excessive lead, copper, and bacterial concentrations, that may include pathogens like Legionella pneumophila. There are no national or industry guidelines for building reopening after extended shutdowns. A fundamental understanding of water quality deterioration mechanisms precipitated by large-scale shutdowns and plumbing decontamination is critically lacking. The Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) serves over 100,000 public health professionals and has made clear that building recommissioning practices are lacking. The COVID-19 building closures present a rare opportunity to study chemical-microbiological-physical- material interactions in multiple otherwise operational buildings. At both full- and bench-scales, the team will (1) characterize disinfectant, heavy metal, and bacterial changes during extended building closures, and (2) develop evidence-based plumbing remediation methods to address water quality deterioration. Using a college campus affected by COVID-19, water quality will be characterized in closed or under- utilized buildings over the course of 5 months (Objective 1). All in-person class meetings have been cancelled for spring semester at Purdue, while research activities can continue, allowing real-scale study of buildings impacted by closure. Before fall semester, decontamination procedures will be tested (Objective 2). Bench-scale experiments will be conducted in parallel to simulate water use conditions and probe the fundamental factors that influenced deterioration and plumbing decontamination effectiveness. The team will elucidate the fundamental factors that control extreme chemical and microbiological transformations in plumbing that are occurring nationwide during the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as during many other disasters.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

为应对新冠肺炎疫情，全国各地纷纷关闭学校、企业和活动场所，鼓励保持社会距离，这将在多个层面上造成破坏性影响。虽然越来越多的政府宣布关闭2-4周，但一些机构警告说，关闭时间可能更长。提出建议的团队自己的学校和办公楼的水测试证据表明，这种长时间的关闭将对饮用水安全产生严重后果：化学和微生物水质可能构成严重的公共健康风险。当居民返回时，他们会遇到极度停滞的水，其中含有过量的铅、铜和细菌浓度，其中可能包括嗜肺军团菌等病原体。对于长时间关闭后重新开放的建筑，没有国家或行业指导方针。严重缺乏对大规模关闭和管道净化导致的水质恶化机制的基本理解。州和地区卫生官员协会（ASTHO）为10万多名公共卫生专业人员提供服务，并明确表示缺乏建筑物重新启用的做法。2019冠状病毒病疫情导致的建筑物关闭为研究多个正常运行的建筑物中的化学-微生物-物理-材料相互作用提供了难得的机会。在整体和实验规模上，该团队将(1)在延长建筑物关闭期间表征消毒剂、重金属和细菌的变化，以及(2)开发基于证据的管道修复方法来解决水质恶化问题。以受COVID-19影响的大学校园为例，在5个月的时间里，将对封闭或未充分利用的建筑物的水质进行表征（目标1）。普渡大学春季学期取消了所有面对面的课堂会议，而研究活动可以继续进行，以便对受关闭影响的建筑物进行实际规模的研究。在秋季学期之前，将测试去污程序（目标2）。将并行进行实验，模拟用水条件，探索影响变质和管道净化效果的基本因素。该团队将阐明在2019冠状病毒病爆发期间以及许多其他灾难期间，在全国范围内发生的管道中控制极端化学和微生物变化的基本因素。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Investigating water safety in multi-purpose buildings used as an elementary school and plumbing remediation effectiveness

调查小学多功能建筑的水安全和管道修复效果

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000141
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: PLOS Water
• 作者: Ra, Kyungyeon;Proctor, Caitlin;Ley, Christian;Angert, Danielle;Noh, Yoorae;Isaacson, Kristofer;Shah, Amisha;Whelton, Andrew J.
• 通讯作者: Whelton, Andrew J.