MoSAiC - Model-Integrating Self-Adaptive Components

模型和组件是现代软件工程中被广泛接受的两个概念，它们支持软件系统的开发、适应和演化，并管理软件系统的复杂性。尽管在两者中，在基于模型的软件开发和模型驱动的软件开发中，模型和代码是同时管理的，但这些应用经常导致两个级别之间的不一致。在本研究项目中，分析了一种新的模型集成软件开发方法(模型集成开发)，该方法主要是基于模型集成组件(MoCos)形式的模型和代码的非冗余组合和集成。通过这种方式，软件的重要知识在软件演化时被显式地保存和维护。在这里，MoCo的模型部分支持组件的灵活性和可理解性，而代码部分负责高效实现、使用标准软件和连接到中间件。因此，模型也可以在运行时被操纵以支持自适应。在MoCos中，模型和代码都是第一类实体。MoCo中的模型和代码之间的边界应保持可移动，以便以灵活的方式对不断变化的要求作出反应或增加所需的自适应功能。为此，代码应从部分模型生成(冻结)，部分代码应可通过反向工程(熔化)转移到模型中。现有组件模型的组件(如OSGi组件)也可以移植到MoCos中，这使得在组件级别引入自适应成为可能。为了探索这种新的组件实现概念，必须分析一些基础研究问题，以便为MoCos开发一个广泛的概念。来自面向服务的体系结构(SOA)和(动态)软件产品线(SPL)领域的两个案例研究将演示我们方法的可行性。

Models and components are two well-accepted concepts in modern software engineering to support the development, adaptation, and evolution of software systems and to manage the complexity of software systems. Although in both, in model-based and in model-driven software development, models and code are managed simultaneously, these appraoches often lead to inconsistencies between the two levels. Furthermore, the concept of components is used primarily at the code level, such that this structuring element is missing at the model level.In this research project, a novel model integrating software development approach (Model-Integrating Development (MID)) shall be analyzed, which is based on a mainly non-redundant combination and integration of models and code in the form of model-integrating components (MoCos). In this way, important knowledge of the software is explicitly preserved and maintained at software evolution time. Here, the model part of a MoCo supports flexibility and comprehensibility of the component while the code part is responsible for the efficient realization, the use of standard software, and the connection to middleware. Thus, models may also be manipulated at runtime to support self-adaptation.In MoCos, models and code are both first class entities. The boundary between models and code in a MoCo shall remain movable in order to react to changing requirements or to add a desired functionality for self-adaptation in a flexible manner. For this purpose, code shall be generated from parts of the models (freezing), and parts of the code shall be transferable into models by reverse engineering (melting). Components of existing component models (e.g., OSGi components) shall also be transferable into MoCos, which enables the introduction of self-adaptation at the component level.For the exploration of this novel component realization concept, a number of basic research questions have to be analyzed in order to develop an extensive concept for MoCos. Two case studies from the fields of service-oriented architectures (SOAs) and (dynamic) software product lines (SPLs) shall demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.