The interplay between Gender, Occupations and Family migration in Germany. (GOFAM)

国内移民的决定及其对工作成就的影响，迄今为止在德国男女之间，特别是作为夫妻一起移民的丈夫和妻子之间，仍然是不平等的。尽管在社会和政治方面出现了影响深远的男女社会经济机会均等的发展，但双收入家庭的家庭迁移仍然有利于丈夫的职业，而他们可以阻碍妻子的职业。虽然学术界对这一问题的兴趣提出了有影响力和有争议的理论解释，但相关经验文献的混合证据并不能充分解释这种形式的性别不平等。解决这一难题的一个有希望但仍不发达的研究方向来自于不同有偿工作或职业领域广泛而普遍的男女结构性分离。移徙前的就业情况和配偶的工资水平都不排除性别差异，但一些早期文献表明，配偶的职业特点和职业轨迹可以更好地说明在其他条件相同的情况下，家庭移徙过程中持续存在的性别不平等。这项研究提案旨在通过审查职业的结构性影响以及男女的职业选择和轨迹，开始填补这一空白。其目的是了解男女在为个人职业发展而移徙的倾向、配偶的作用或移徙动机（即带头移徙和连带移徙）以及双收入家庭中与工作有关的结果方面的差异。与结构，生命历程和行为的观点的综合概念框架，我将提供新颖的和健全的实证证据应用国家的最先进的定量分析的纵向方法，现有的补充纵向数据源，主要是分析模式在当代德国。在改进传统研究方面取得了实质性和方法上的进展，具体做法是：㈠利用二元数据揭示配偶在家庭移徙决定中的相互依存关系，㈡通过应用选择模型和在备选选择的背景下探索家庭移徙决定，解决自我选择的来源（即工会解散和经常性流动），（三）研究初次和多次家庭移徙事件对职业轨迹的长期影响及其与其他原因的相互依存关系职业生涯中断（即生育）和（iv）德国，澳大利亚和英国之间的跨国比较，揭示职业结构，福利国家和性别关系背后的制度特点。该项目的成果将对有关导致家庭移徙中两性不平等的过程的辩论作出重要贡献，并将使决策者了解性别职业结构对家庭决策的影响。

The determination of internal migrations and the impact they have on job-related achievement is to date still unequal between German men and women, especially between husbands and wives who move as a couple. Despite far-reaching social and political developments toward the equalization of socio-economic opportunities across men and women, family moves of dual income households still favour the careers of husbands while they can hold back the one of wives. Although academic interest on the topic raises influential and contested theoretical explanations, the mixed evidence of the associated empirical literature does not fully explain this form of gender inequality. A promising and still underdeveloped line of research to solve this puzzle arises from the extensive and pervasive structural separation of men and women in different lines of paid work or occupations. Neither pre-migration employment nor wage levels of spouses rule out sex differences, but some incipient literature indicates that partners’ occupational characteristics and occupational trajectories can be more informative of the persisting gender inequalities in family migration processes ceteris paribus. This research proposal aims to begin filling this gap by examining the structural effects of occupations as well as occupational choices and trajectories of men and women. It aims to understand sex differences in migration propensities to move for individual career advancement, spousal roles or motives in the event of migration (i.e. lead- and tied-migrant) and job-related outcomes among dual income families. Together with an integrative conceptual framework of structural, life course and behavioural perspectives, I will offer novel and sound empirical evidence applying state-of-the-art longitudinal methods of quantitative analysis to existing complementary longitudinal data sources to mostly analyse patterns in contemporary Germany. Substantive and methodological advances to improve on traditional research by featuring (i) unveiling the interdependence between spouses in family migration decisions with dyadic data, (ii) solving sources of self-selection by applying selection models and exploring family migration decisions in a context of alternative choices (i.e. union dissolution and recurrent mobility), (iii) examining the long term effects of initial and repeated family migration events on occupational trajectories and their interdependencies with other reasons for occupational career interruptions (i.e. childbirth) and (iv) cross-country comparison between Germany, Australia and Britain to unveil institutional specificities behind the occupational structure, the welfare state and the gender relations. The results of this project will make important contributions to debates on the processes that lead to gender inequalities of family migration and will inform policy makers about the extension of the effects of a gendered occupational structure in household decisions.