Family Formation in Times of Labor Market Insecurities

Family Formation in Times of Labor Market Insecurities
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劳动力市场不安全时期的家庭组建

DOI:
10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0128
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Huinink
Huinink
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Huinink

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在当代社会,组建家庭仍然是绝大多数人口的主要生活目标。这是个人生命历程中的一个重大转变,因为在现代社会中养育儿童是一项具有挑战性且代价高昂的任务。男性和女性越来越意识到这一事实。这就是为什么组建家庭不再理所当然地被视为向成年过渡的强制性标志。这越来越成为一个有意识的决策问题--至少在现代社会是这样。人们预计,经济不确定性将是这一决定中的一个主要问题。劳动力市场的不安全尤其应该阻碍夫妇实现家庭的形成,并影响生育的时机或保持无子女的可能性。有大量的历史例子表明,在经济危机和重大社会动荡时期,出生率大幅下降。然而,各国最近的研究表明,关于经济不确定性和劳动力市场不安全对家庭形成的影响,证据喜忧参半。这些部分看似矛盾的发现的谜团尚未解开。显然,劳动力市场不安全和家庭形成之间的关系比人们想象的要复杂得多。这是历史因素和传统、当前男女生活的社会经济状况以及他们处理风险和不确定因素的个人方式之间复杂相互作用的结果。
Family formation is still a major life goal for an overwhelming section of the population in contemporary societies. It is a major transition in the individual life course because bringing up children in modern societies is a challenging and costly task. Men and women are increasingly aware of this fact. That is why family formation is no longer taken for granted as an obligatory marker of the transition to adulthood. It is increasingly a matter of conscious decision making—at least in modern societies. One would expect economic uncertainty to be a major issue in this decision. Labor market insecurity in particular should prevent couples from realizing family formation and impact the timing of childbirth or the likelihood of remaining childless.There are plenty of historical examples showing that in times of economic crisis and major societal instability birthrates decline considerably. However, more recent studies in various countries show mixed evidence in regard to the impact of economic uncertainty and labor market insecurity on family formation. The puzzle of these partially seemingly contradictory findings has not yet been solved. Obviously, the relationship between labor market insecurity and family formation is more complex than has been assumed. It is the result of a complex interplay between historical factors and traditions, current socioeconomic conditions of the lives of men and women, and their personal ways of dealing with risks and uncertainties.
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