RAPID: Collaborative Research: The Diffusion of State Policy Responses to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus

当2019年新型冠状病毒于2020年2月和3月抵达美国时，州政府迅速开始制定旨在遏制和减缓其传播的政策。了解这些政策选择的时机和顺序，以及这些政策的最终后果，对于评估政府如何在大流行期间最有效地发挥作用至关重要。这个项目收集州和地方政府对新冠肺炎的回应的数据，包括与关闭学校、取消旅行、禁止公共集会、关闭餐馆和酒吧、推迟支付租金以及医疗执照规定相关的政策。这些数据使研究人员能够检查影响各州政策选择的因素，这些因素是否与各州在正常情况下制定政策的方式不同，哪些政策在减缓病毒传播和发病率方面是有效的，以及各州如何以允许经济活动恢复的方式取消政策，同时保持对避免和缓解病毒浪潮的准备。该项目通过每天抓取政府网站来收集州政府对新冠肺炎的回应数据，重点是新冠肺炎专用网站以及与行政部门、州立法机构和州公共卫生部门相关的网站。它还收集有关诊断病例数量、死亡人数、各州康复情况的数据，以及从手机跟踪地理移动的移动数据。州政府页面上记录的政策建议或决定包括关闭学校、取消旅行、禁止公共集会(及其规模)、关闭餐馆和酒吧、旅行隔离、推迟选举、安全避难令、限制可选的医疗程序以及各州修改这些政策的时间等决定；其他数据来自州政府的官方Twitter账户。这些数据使研究人员能够检查影响各州政策选择的因素，这些因素是否与各州在正常情况下制定政策的方式不同，哪些政策在减缓病毒传播和发病率方面是有效的，以及各州如何以允许经济活动恢复的方式取消政策，同时保持对避免和缓解病毒浪潮的准备。该项目由负责任的机构和行为计划和既定的激励竞争性研究计划(EPSCoR)共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

When the 2019 novel coronavirus arrived in the United States in February and March of 2020, state governments quickly began enacting policies intended to contain and mitigate its spread. Understanding the timing and sequence of these policy choices, and those policies’ eventual consequences, is critical for assessing how governments can be most effective during pandemics. This project collects data on state and local governments’ responses to COVID-19, including policies related to closing schools, canceling travel, banning public gatherings, closing restaurants and bars, delaying rent payments, and rules on medical licenses. This data allows researchers to examine the factors that influence states’ policy choices, whether those factors differ from the ways in which states enact policies during normal times, which policies are effective in slowing the spread and morbidity of the virus, and how states roll back policies in a manner that allows economic activity to resume while maintaining preparedness to avoid and mitigated waves of the virus. This project collects data on state government responses to COVID-19 by scraping government websites daily, focusing on sites dedicated to COVID-19 and those associated with the executive branch, state legislatures, and state departments of public health. It also collects data on the number of diagnosed cases, fatalities, recoveries in the states, and mobility data that tracks geographic movements from mobile phones. The policy recommendations or decisions recorded from state government pages include decisions related to closing schools, canceling travel, banning public gatherings (and their size), closing restaurants and bars, travel quarantines, postponing elections, safe shelter orders, limiting elective medical procedures, as well as when states modify these policies; additional data is collected from official state Twitter accounts. This data allows researchers to examine the factors that influence states’ policy choices, whether those factors differ from the ways in which states enact policies during normal times, which policies are effective in slowing the spread and morbidity of the virus, and how states roll back policies in a manner that allows economic activity to resume while maintaining preparedness to avoid and mitigated waves of the virus. This project is jointly funded by the Accountable Institutions and Behavior Program and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.