RAPID: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Child Development in the ABCD Cohort

冠状病毒大流行已经影响到全世界的儿童和家庭。在美国，学校和学校停课，然而，关于大流行的社交距离建议，各州和城市之间存在差异。这种情况可能会以不同的方式影响不同的孩子，因为家庭经济影响的程度不同，自我或家庭新冠肺炎疾病，社交疏远和压力对心理健康的影响，在线活动，学业活动，成人监督，以及改变体力活动、睡眠和获得营养对健康的间接影响。青少年大脑认知发展项目(ABCD)是对2016-2018年(2006-2009出生年)美国21个研究地点的11,878名9-10岁不同年龄段的年轻人进行的纵向研究。这个快速项目将设计和实施一项新的调查，以评估新冠肺炎对ABCD参与者和家庭的个人影响。有了这些新的信息，我们可以利用现有的ABCD数据来检查大脑功能、神经认知、心理健康、物质使用、学术成就和社会功能的发展轨迹中的扰动。通过立即收集一套表征大流行影响的独特措施，我们可以利用现有的ABCD方案，并在这个庞大、多样化的国家样本中进行设计。这项研究的结果将为未来的流行病和大流行提供显著改进的指导方针，并指明当其他创伤影响儿童时的潜在干预目标。ABCD队列至少在20岁之前被跟踪，包括：两年一次的最先进的神经成像、表观遗传学/遗传学和体力活动跟踪；与青年和父母就心理和身体健康和发育、生活事件和创伤暴露、文化和环境、物质使用、睡眠和屏幕时间进行的年度认知测试和评估；以及两年一次的心理健康和物质使用的简要评估。拟议的研究将立即通过青年和父母的自我评估来表征新冠肺炎大流行对每个儿童的影响，评估的特征包括他们个人的家庭破坏程度、社会距离及其影响、态度、对公共卫生指令的遵守情况以及媒体曝光率。这场危机提供了一个独特的机会，可以利用ABCD精心设计的基础设施和严格的科学程序来识别先前未预见到的行为的关键方面。这一始料未及的大流行即将到来的严重程度可能会对学龄青年造成数十年的重大影响，而这种迅速的影响将是确定保护和加剧其影响的因素的关键。这项研究将立即调查新冠肺炎对青少年的相关影响，以及他们在病毒传播和预防方面的做法如何随着家庭和社会因素、外部影响和其他特征的变化而变化。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The coronavirus pandemic has affected children and families worldwide. In the US, schools and closed, yet there is variability across states and cities regarding pandemic recommendation on social distancing. The situation likely affects different children in different ways, due to varying levels of familial financial impact, self or family COVID-19 illness, mental health effects of social distancing and stress, online activity, scholastic activity, adult supervision, and indirect health influences of altered physical activity, sleep, and access to nutrition. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development project (ABCD) is a longitudinal study of 11,878 diverse youth enrolled at ages 9-10 in 2016-2018 (birth years 2006-2009) at 21 research sites around the United States. This RAPID project will design and implement a new survey, to assess personal impact of COVID-19 on ABCD participants and families. With this new information, we can leverage existing ABCD data to examine perturbations in developmental trajectories of brain functioning, neurocognition, mental health, substance use, academic achievement, and social functioning. By immediately collecting a unique set of measures that characterize the pandemic’s effects, we can make use of the existing ABCD protocol and design in this large, diverse, national sample. Results from this study will provide substantially improved guidelines for future epidemics and pandemics, and indicate potential targets for interventions when other traumas affect children.The ABCD cohort is being followed until at least age 20, with: biennial state-of-the-art neuroimaging, epigenetics/genetics, and physical activity tracking; annual cognitive testing and assessments with youth and parents on mental and physical health and development, life events and trauma exposure, culture and environment, substance use, sleep, and screen time; and biannual brief assessments of mental health and substance use. The proposed research would immediately characterize the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on each child via a youth and parent self-assessment that characterizes their personal level of family disruption, social distancing and its impact, attitudes, adherence to public health directives, and media exposure. This crisis provides a unique opportunity to make use of ABCD’s elaborate infrastructure and rigorous scientific processes to discern critical dimensions of behavior not previously envisioned. The impending severity of this unanticipated pandemic may result in significant influences on school-age youth for decades, and this RAPID will be critical to characterizing factors that protect and exacerbate its effects. This research will immediately examine COVID-19 related effects on youth, and how their practices around virus transmission and prevention vary as a function of family and social factors, external influences, and other characteristics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.