RAPID: Examining How Access to Green Space Impacts Subjective Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic

该项目的目的是探索绿色空间之间的联系，风险的感知，以及在公共卫生紧急情况下，需要人们留在室内和隔离的福祉。在当前的COVID-19大流行等危机中，城市绿色空间在促进公共健康和福祉方面的作用可能是绿色基础设施（GI）计划的一个特别重要的共同利益。然而，人们同时承认，户外活动，即使是在绿色空间，也是COVID-19暴露和/或传播的持续风险来源。因此，这项研究提出了这样一个问题：在公共流行病期间，由于缺乏安全的、附近的绿色空间和/或与在特定类型的空间中户外相关的感知风险，进入绿色空间的变化如何影响幸福感？为了回答这些问题，本研究使用了在线调查和对大学生的视频访谈。这些学生从校园回家，回到各种各样的住宅和景观形式，提供了一个机会，进行比较研究如何获得绿色空间影响对当前条件和福祉的反应。该调查通过电子邮件分发，包括有关幸福感，户外活动，风险感知以及对社交距离/自我隔离措施的个人反应的问题。从调查参与者中征集的受访者将被问及以下问题：可用的户外绿色空间和活动、应对COVID-19的生活方式变化及其对幸福感的影响、户外活动对受试者幸福感的作用，以及目前情况下户外活动的障碍。统计分析和定性编码分析将用于确定（a）受试者使用不同类型绿色空间的情况;（b）受试者在类型、可达性和风险感知方面使用绿色空间的意愿;以及（c）（a）和（B）与受试者在大流行期间的健康状况之间的关联。这项研究将扩大对绿色基础设施（GI）计划的共同利益的了解，重点是在巨大压力下的健康和福祉的共同利益。这项研究将允许确定对福祉的影响范围广泛的绿色空间类型和可达性，跨景观形式（城市，郊区，农村）。因此，这项研究将有助于了解新的，大规模的压力诱导事件如何与绿色空间类型和访问的差异交叉，以促进人类福祉的不平等。通过收集来自广泛地区的不同研究人群的数据，本研究将能够对一系列绿色空间类型和通道进行比较。这将进一步了解绿色空间影响福祉的机制，适用于公共卫生、土木工程、城市生态以及城市设计和规划等一系列领域。这项研究将解决两个主要的更广泛的影响福祉在面对当前和未来的全球流行病相关的挑战。首先，本研究考察了绿色空间访问如何影响社会距离/呆在家里的条件下，如超过五分之三的美国人口所经历的幸福。其次，本研究将提供详细的信息，在社会距离/留在家里的条件下，受试者的选择和行为有关的户外娱乐，包括风险感知和信念的重要性，绿色空间访问。这些数据将通过对户外娱乐，福祉以及当前和未来计划的GI设计的建议，为当前和未来的大流行病和其他极端紧急情况的准备和应对提供信息。注意按建筑物类型和人口特征划分的社区特征，将通过提供精细的空间分辨率来整合地理信息系统的贡献，从而支持地理信息系统的规划和实施。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响进行评估，被认为值得支持审查标准。

The aim of this project is to explore the connections among green space, perception of risk, and well-being in times of a public health emergency that require people to stay indoors and isolated. In a crisis like the current COVID-19 pandemic, the role of urban green spaces in promoting public health and well-being may be an especially important co-benefit of green infrastructure (GI) programs. However, there is simultaneous acknowledgement that being outdoors, even in green space, is a continuing source of risk for exposure and/or spread of COVID-19. Therefore, this research asks, how do variations in access to green space, whether due to lack of safe, nearby green space and/or the perceived risk associated with being outdoors in particular kinds of spaces during a public pandemic, impact well-being? To answer these questions, this study uses online surveys and video interviews with college students. These students have traveled home from their campuses, returning to a wide variety of residential and landscape forms, presenting an opportunity to conduct comparative study of how access to green space influences responses to current conditions and well-being. The survey, distributed via email, includes questions about well-being, outdoor activity, risk perception, and personal responses to social distancing/self-isolation measures. Interviewees, solicited from survey participants, will be asked questions about available outdoor green space and activity, lifestyle changes in response to COVID-19 and their effect on well-being, the role of outdoor activity in subjects' well-being, and barriers to outdoor activity under present circumstances. Both statistical analyses and qualitative coding analyses will be used to determine (a) subjects' access to different types of green space; (b) subjects' willingness to utilize green space with respect to type, accessibility, and risk perception; and (c) the association of (a) and (b) with subjects' well-being during the pandemic. This study will expand knowledge on the co-benefits of green infrastructure (GI) programs, with an emphasis on the co-benefit of health and well-being during times of great stress. This study will allow determination of the impacts on well-being for a wide-range of green space types and accessibility, across and within landscape forms (urban, suburban, rural). As such, this study will contribute to understandings of how novel, large-scale stress-inducing events intersect with differences in green space type and access to contribute to inequalities in human well-being. By collecting data from a diverse study population located across a broad area this study will be able to make comparisons across a range of green space types and access. This will further understanding of the mechanisms by which green space affects well-being, applicable to a range of fields like public health, civil engineering, urban ecology, and urban design and planning. This research will address two primary broader implications for well-being in the face of current and future global pandemic-related challenges. First, this study examines how green space access affects well- being during social distancing/stay-at-home conditions, such as those experienced by more than three-fifths of the US population. Second, this study will provide detailed information on subjects' choices and behaviors regarding outdoor recreation during social distancing/stay-at-home conditions, including risk perception and beliefs about the importance of green space access. Together these data will be used to inform current and future preparations and responses to pandemics and other extreme emergency circumstances through recommendations on outdoor recreation, well-being, and current and future planned GI design. Attention to characteristics of neighborhoods by type of building and by population characteristics will support GI planning and implementation by providing fine spatial resolution for the integration of GI contributions to well-being with GI contributions to stormwater management and other environmental benefits.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.