SWIFT: LARGE: Passive and Active Spectrum Sharing (PASS)

射频（RF）频谱已经成为稀缺资源。 独家频谱分配的日子已经过去-频谱共享的时代即将到来。 可以使用“先听后说”协议的变体来执行在发射系统（活动系统）之间的共享，该协议检查特定RF频带是否正在被活动地使用，并且仅在频带未被使用时进行发射。 无源系统，如射电望远镜和地球观测卫星，不发射。因此，在无源和有源系统之间共享是特别具有挑战性的，因为传感器无法确定是否使用了无源系统。 因此，无源-有源共享是静态的，而不是动态的，并且通过在无源系统周围定义RF静区来执行。 此外，许多无源系统对RF噪声污染很敏感，这可能是由于未屏蔽设备的泄漏或来自多个设备的微弱信号的聚集造成的。 然而，在系统地测量RF噪声以了解噪声在哪里增加、增加的程度以及随时间的变化方面，几乎没有做过什么工作。 拟议的被动和主动频谱共享（PASS）项目将系统地调查和表征RF噪声，并探索和评估实现被动和主动系统之间频谱共享的替代方案。 PASS研究将是理解和减轻射频噪声的重要一步，并将使频谱共享更加动态和有效。拟议的无源和有源频谱共享（PASS）项目将：（i）系统地调查多种环境中的射频噪声;（ii）分析和表征射频噪声，并评估减轻噪声的机制;（iii）研究和评估射频噪声。（iii）探索在无源和有源系统之间动态频谱共享的新的和创新的方法;（iv）分析和定量评估协调无源和有源系统之间双向频谱共享的机制;（vi）界定维持国家无线电动态区（NRDZ）的要求和初步程序，NRDZ是一个进行双边频谱共享的地理区域。该项目的结果将为射频噪声控制和频谱共享提供实验和分析证据;实现更有效的频谱动态利用，并为建立NRDZ提供信息。 此外，该项目还将开发数据结构、流程和软件，以实现未来在射频噪声测量和建模方面的多机构合作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Radio frequency (RF) spectrum has become a scarce resource. The days of exclusive spectrum allocations are gone – the age of spectrum sharing is upon us. Sharing between systems that transmit – active systems – can be performed using variations of a “listen before talking” protocol that checks whether a particular RF frequency band is being actively used and only transmits if the frequency band is unused. Passive systems, such as radio telescopes and earth observation satellites, do not transmit. Sharing between passive and active systems is therefore particularly challenging, because sensors cannot determine if a passive system is in use. Consequently, passive-active sharing is static, not dynamic, and performed by defining RF quiet zones around passive systems. Additionally, many passive systems are sensitive to RF noise pollution, which may result from leakage from unshielded devices, or the aggregation of faint signals from a multitude of devices. However, little work has been done on systematically surveying RF noise to understand where noise is increasing, the extent of the increase, and the changes over time. The proposed Passive and Active Spectrum Sharing (PASS) project will systematically survey and characterize RF noise, and explore and evaluate alternatives for enabling spectrum sharing between passive and active systems. The PASS research will be a significant step forward in understanding and mitigating RF noise, and will enable more dynamic and efficient sharing of spectrum.The proposed Passive and Active Spectrum Sharing (PASS) project will: (i) systematically survey RF noise across multiple environments; (ii) analyze and characterize RF noise and evaluate mechanisms to mitigate noise; (iii) explore new and innovative approaches to dynamic spectrum sharing between passive and active systems; (iv) analyze and quantitatively evaluate mechanisms to coordinate bi-directional spectrum sharing between passive and active systems; (v) explore hardware and software approaches to enhance the effectiveness and security of spectrum sharing; and (vi) define the requirements and initial processes to maintain a National Radio Dynamic Zone (NRDZ), a geographic region within which bi-lateral spectrum sharing takes place. The results from this project will provide experimental and analytical evidence on RF noise control and spectrum sharing; enable more effective dynamic utilization of spectrum, and inform the creation of an NRDZ. Further, the project will develop data structures, processes, and software to enable future multi-institutional collaboration on RF noise measurement and modeling.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.