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Plant herbivore defense syndromes mediated by canopy structural complexity

冠层结构复杂性介导的植物食草动物防御综合征

基本信息

批准号：
2032435
负责人：
Kailen Mooney
金额：
$ 51.95万
依托单位：
University of California-Irvine
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-01-15 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2032435&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Plant herbivore defense syndromes mediated

项目摘要

Plants defend themselves against attack by herbivorous (plant-eating) insects in many ways. For example, they make chemical poisons and construct mechanical defenses, like thorns. Plants also use predators of herbivores for protection, following the age-old adage that the enemy of my enemy is my friend. But no plant can afford to invest in all types of defense. Investment in one strategy must trade-off against investment in another, leading to tremendous variation among plant species in the combination of defenses they employ. Understanding the environmental factors that dictate a plant species' defense strategy has proven difficult. Yet, tackling this challenge is important for understanding why plants are made the way they are. That, in turn, is important for guiding plant breeding and pest management practices in agriculture. This study will test a new idea about how plants can make it easier for birds to pick off herbivorous insects. Specifically, it is predicted that birds will be attracted to plants with few branches, where they can most easily move and find insects. Because birds remove lots of insect enemies, those plants should need to invest less in chemical and mechanical defenses. Thus, this study will thus reveal whether a plant's branching pattern sets the stage for predictable patterns of variation in how plants defend themselves. The researchers will work with local teachers to use results from the project to promote an understanding of research practices to undergraduate and K-12 students. The evolutionary ecology of plant defense against herbivores has been a major program of research for more than half a century. Both the types and magnitude of herbivore defenses vary dramatically with geography, among plant families and species, among populations and individuals within species, and even among tissues within individuals. Trade-offs are believed to lie at the core of this variation, but predicting how trade-offs play out has been difficult within the complex milieu of changeable ecological settings and the constraints imposed by evolutionary history. This study tests a novel the hypothesis that plant structural complexity drives variation in multivariate herbivore defense strategy in plants. These predictions will be tested by characterizing co-variation among structural complexity, bird indirect defense, arthropod indirect defense, and direct defense traits for 30 species of sympatric plants (shrubs, large perennial herbs) from the California Coastal Sage Scrub ecosystem.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物以多种方式防御食草昆虫的攻击。例如，它们制造化学毒药，建造机械防御，如荆棘。植物也利用食草动物的捕食者来保护自己，遵循古老的格言，我敌人的敌人就是我的朋友。但没有一家工厂能负担得起投资于所有类型的防御。对一种策略的投资必须与对另一种策略的投资进行权衡，这导致植物物种在防御组合方面存在巨大差异。了解决定植物物种防御策略的环境因素已被证明是困难的。然而，解决这一挑战对于理解为什么植物是这样形成的非常重要。这反过来又对指导农业中的植物育种和害虫管理做法很重要。这项研究将测试一种新的想法，即植物如何使鸟类更容易捕食食草昆虫。具体来说，据预测，鸟类将被吸引到树枝很少的植物上，在那里它们最容易移动并找到昆虫。因为鸟类会消灭大量的昆虫敌人，所以这些植物在化学和机械防御上的投资应该更少。因此，这项研究将揭示植物的分枝模式是否为植物如何保护自己的可预测的变异模式奠定了基础。研究人员将与当地教师合作，利用该项目的结果，促进本科生和K-12学生对研究实践的理解。半个多世纪以来，植物防御食草动物的进化生态学一直是一个重要的研究项目。草食动物防御的类型和程度都因地理而异，在植物科和物种之间，在物种内的种群和个体之间，甚至在个体内的组织之间。权衡被认为是这种变化的核心，但预测如何权衡发挥了复杂的环境中不断变化的生态环境和进化历史所施加的限制是困难的。本研究验证了一个新的假设，即植物结构的复杂性驱动了植物中多变量草食动物防御策略的变化。这些预测将通过表征30种同域植物的结构复杂性、鸟类间接防御、节肢动物间接防御和直接防御性状之间的协变来检验（灌木，大型多年生草本植物）该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持的搜索.