RAPID/Collaborative Research: An Empirical Investigation of Risk Preferences of Transportation Construction Workforce Managers under COVID-19 Pandemic Uncertainties

这个快速反应研究(RAPID)项目的目标是识别新的挑战，并确定在新冠肺炎疫情不确定性下影响交通建设行业劳动力决策流程的因素。在现代交通基础设施建设的历史上，该行业从未不得不适应全国范围内对其劳动力的威胁，以及不断变化的公共卫生指导方针和限制。劳动力经理如何在不危及其重要资源(工人、操作员、工程师、制造商和项目经理)安全和健康的情况下运营、维护和建设生命线交通基础设施项目？劳动力决策者正在处理一项艰巨的任务。公众预计，在这些具有挑战性的时期，关键基础设施服务的接收不会中断。更重要的是，公众预计在使用这些关键基础设施时病毒感染的风险有限。新冠肺炎继续对交通建设行业的工作作风产生重大影响。大流行挑战威胁着交通基础设施系统的运营，这些系统正面临与天气有关的灾害日益严重的影响。然而，交通基础设施的建设和检查不能拖延。交通基础设施不仅对于满足人类的日常需求至关重要，也对于抗击新冠肺炎疫情至关重要。这项研究的成功取决于对新冠肺炎疫情期间劳动力经理思维过程的限时数据的收集。该项目不仅将增强大流行不确定性下的决策科学性，还将为交通建设行业提供有关大流行期间的最佳做法以及适应这一史无前例的事件所产生和演变的不确定性的有效战略的关键信息。由于这项研究的探索性性质，PI将结合使用各种方法，如调查和对国家交通机构关键线人的后续访谈，以确定新冠肺炎大流行期间劳动力决策的新挑战，并确定影响决策过程的因素。访谈结束后，将从主要信息者那里收集支持文件(例如，收集和分析他们在新冠肺炎行动、组织新冠肺炎每日更新、内部运营备忘录和公共新闻中表现出来的选择)，以用于进一步的内容分析。PIS将汇集各种问题，以便彻底调查在独特的大流行条件下影响劳动力决策的关键因素。这些因素将包括重大流行病问题，如必要作业与非必要作业、工地关闭(计划内或计划外)、施工任何阶段的项目暂停(特定或未知时间段)、重新开始施工、项目继续、暂停和延误、加快施工作业以利用交通量下降并获得提前完工奖励，以及职业安全政策(社会距离和佩戴N95口罩)。利用在这个快速项目中严格收集的短暂经验证据，PI将能够检查和模拟大流行不确定性下劳动力决策者的风险偏好。成功识别影响决策过程的因素对于开发一种新的多属性效用选择模型至关重要，该模型能够捕捉大流行不确定性下交通建设行业决策者的风险偏好。揭示影响决策过程的因素将为在大流行不确定性下为劳动力政策提供信息铺平道路。研究结果将通过编写易于理解和实用的教育材料广泛传播，这些材料与研究部分相结合，以便它们能够相互改进。该项目还将吸引来自不同背景的代表性不足的学生参与研究活动。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The objective of this Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project is to identify new challenges and determine factors impacting workforce decision-making processes in the transportation construction industry under COVID-19 pandemic uncertainties. Never in the history of modern transportation infrastructure construction, has the industry had to adapt to a nationwide threat to their workforce and changing public health guidelines and constraints. How are workforce managers seeking to operate, maintain, and construct lifeline transportation infrastructure projects without risking the safety and health of their vital resources (workers, operators, engineers, fabricators, and project managers)? Workforce decision makers are dealing with a daunting task. The public expects no disruptions in receiving critical infrastructure services in these challenging times. And more importantly, the public expects limited risk of virus infection while using these critical infrastructures. COVID-19 continues to have substantial impacts on workstyle in the transportation construction industry. The pandemic challenges threaten the operations of transportation infrastructure systems that are facing ever-increasing impacts of weather-related disasters. Yet, transportation infrastructure construction and inspection cannot be delayed. Transportation infrastructure is essential to not only fulfill the daily needs of human beings but also combat the COVID-19 outbreak. The success of this research is contingent upon the collection of time-bound data on the workforce managers’ thought processes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This project will not only enhance the science of decision making under pandemic uncertainty, but also provide critical information for the transportation construction industry regarding best practices during a pandemic and effective strategies for adapting to the uncertainties emerging and evolving from this unprecedented event. Because of the exploratory nature of this research, PIs will use a combination of methods, such as surveys and follow-up interviews with key informants in state transportation agencies, to identify new challenges of workforce decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine factors impacting decision-making processes. Supporting documents will be collected from the key informants following the interviews (e.g., collecting and analyzing their revealed choices manifested in COVID-19 actions, organizational COVID-19 daily updates, internal operations memos, and public news) for further content analysis. The PIs will assemble a variety of questions that enable a thorough investigation of critical factors impacting workforce decision-making in the unique pandemic condition. These factors will include major pandemic issues, such as essential versus non-essential operations, construction site shutdown (planned or unplanned), project suspension at any stage of construction (for a designate or unknown period of time), restarting construction, project continuation, suspension, and delay, expedited construction operations to take advantage of the declined traffic and receive early completion incentives, and occupational safety policies (social distancing and wearing N95 masks). Employing the ephemeral empirical evidence rigorously collected in this RAPID project, the PIs will be able to examine and model the risk preferences of workforce decision makers under pandemic uncertainties. Successful identification of the factors impacting decision-making processes will be critical for the develop of a novel multi-attribute utility choice models that capture the risk preferences of decision makers in the transportation construction industry under pandemic uncertainties. Revealing factors impacting decision-making processes will pave the way to inform workforce policies under pandemic uncertainties. The findings will be disseminated widely through the creation of easy-to-understand and practical educational materials that are integrated with the research components so that they can improve each other. This project will also engage underrepresented students from diverse backgrounds in research activities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.