SBIR Phase I: Blockchain-Enabled Clinical Registry Program

这项小型企业创新研究（SBIR）项目的广泛影响和商业潜力将为高度监管的行业开发新型网络安全，并扩展区块链的应用，重点是加强和保护不同利益相关者之间的医疗数据交换。迄今为止，医疗同意可以涉及多方：参与者、医疗中心、医生、各种研究机构的伦理审查委员会和赞助商。每个小组维持独立的系统，导致延误和潜在的滥用临床数据。此外，最小的控制确保了数据输入的完整性和准确性，导致对数据的信心降低和停滞，并失去了实际学习经验的机会。拟议的项目建议建立一个概念验证，分散的数字健康数据平台。它可以扩展到其他高度监管的行业，在那里它可以提高数据集的准确性、保密性和安全性。该SBIR第一阶段项目将利用区块链不变性提供先进的电子医疗同意服务，确保同意交易的完整性，并采用新颖的发布/订阅和细粒度、基于属性的访问控制来审计对底层数据集的访问。此外，该项目将采用新颖的加密方法，可以保护传输系统的事务和消息的隐私。该方法建立在新兴的阈值加密标准之上，但提出了一种新的矢量标签输入阈值加密。目前的标记阈值加密实现只接受单个字符串作为标签，但是向量标签输入阈值加密实现将支持字符串向量作为标签。这允许系统在对事务进行签名并提交到区块链上的分类账时检查任意数量的基于字符串的属性，从而实现细粒度访问控制的创新方法。为了实现高性能、全顺序保存数据流，该项目将把发布/订阅消息传递模式中的创新与实践状态区块链技术平台结合起来。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact and commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) project will develop novel cybersecurity for highly regulated industries and expand the applications of blockchain, focusing on enhancing and securing the exchange of medical data among different stakeholders. To date, medical consents can involve multiple parties: participant, medical center, physician, ethical review boards across various research institutions, and sponsors. Each group maintains independent systems, resulting in delays and potential for misuse of underlying clinical data. Additionally, minimal controls ensure the data input's completeness and accuracy, leading to lower confidence in and stagnation of the data and lost opportunity for real-world learning experiences. The proposed project proposes to establish a proof-of-concept decentralized, digital health data platform. It can be expanded to other highly regulated industries where it can improve the accuracy, confidentiality and security of data sets. This SBIR Phase I project will utilize blockchain immutability to provide an advanced electronic medical consenting service, ensuring the integrity of consenting transactions and a novel publish/subscribe and fine-grained, attribute-based access control to audit access to underlying datasets. Additionally, the project will employ novel approaches to encryption that can preserve the privacy of the transactions and messages that transit the system. The approach is built on emerging threshold cryptography standards, but proposes a novel vector-label-input threshold encryption. Today's labeled threshold encryption implementations only take a single string as a label, but a vector-label-input threshold encryption implementation will support a vector of strings as labels. This enables an innovative approach to fine-grained access control by allowing the system to check for any number of string-based attributes at the time the transactions are signed and committed into the ledger on the blockchain. To enable high-performance, total-order preserving data streams, the project will combine innovations in the publish/subscribe messaging pattern with state-of-practice blockchain technology platforms.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.