Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Digestion and Energy Production in Wild Primates Across a Shifting Nutritional Landscape

博士论文研究：肠道微生物组在不断变化的营养格局中野生灵长类动物消化和能量生产中的作用

• 批准号: 2041608
• 负责人: Erin Vogel
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-15 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2041608&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Role; Gut

Studies of the microbiome have shown that gut microbe communities can affect a host’s ability to harvest energy and store fat. However, the significance of gut microbiome plasticity and its relevance to host survival when faced with environmental fluctuations in nutrient availability remains unclear. This doctoral dissertation research uses evolutionary and ecological approaches to examine gut microbiota changes in wild primates that cope with extreme variability in forest fruit production, resulting in substantial fluctuations in caloric intake and major shifts in the types of foods available for consumption. This study advances knowledge about primate microbiome adaptations, which may also provide comparative data for examining adaptations in the hominin lineage and microbiome function in modern humans. The project facilitates doctoral degree completion for a woman and first-generation student and provide field, laboratory, and bioinformatics training for students from groups underrepresented in STEM research. The project also enhance research capacity at the research location through training workshops and collaboration. Orangutans cope with environmentally-induced variations in diet, such as reductions in caloric intake by up to 48%, and fall short of their energetic requirements for several months out of the year. Because gut microbiota have the potential to be powerful drivers of orangutan energetics during periods of fruit scarcity, this study investigates whether gut microbial community compositions change across marked fluctuations in nutritional intake, and also whether those changes result in increased energy harvest and microbial energy production. More specifically, this project (1) monitors environmental changes in fruit availability; (2) uses observations to estimate food intake and match intake with known nutritional values; (3) identifies gut microbial compositions from fecal samples using Next-Generation DNA sequencing; and (4) approximates microbial energy production by measuring short-chain fatty acid concentrations in fecal samples.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

对微生物组的研究表明，肠道微生物群落会影响宿主收获能量和储存脂肪的能力。然而，肠道微生物组可塑性的重要性及其与宿主生存的相关性在面对养分可用性的环境波动时尚不清楚。这项博士学位论文研究使用进化和生态学方法来检查野生原发性肠道菌群的变化，以应对森林水果生产的极端变化，从而导致热量摄入量的显着波动和可用于消费的食物类型的重大变化。这项研究促进了有关灵长类动物微生物组适应的知识，这也可能提供了比较数据，以检查现代人类的人类谱系和微生物组功能的适应性。该项目促进了女性和第一代学生的博士学位完成，并为来自STEM研究中代表性不足的小组的学生提供了领域，实验室和生物信息学培训。该项目还通过培训研讨会和协作提高了研究地点的研究能力。猩猩应对饮食中环境引起的差异，例如降低热量摄入量高达48％，并且在一年中几个月内均未达到其能源需求。由于肠道菌群有可能在水果稀缺期间成为猩猩能量服务的强大驱动因素，因此本研究研究了肠道微生物群落组成在营养摄入量显着波动的情况下是否变化，以及这些变化是否导致能量收获和微生物能量产生增加。更具体地说，该项目（1）监视水果可用性的环境变化； （2）使用观测值估计食物摄入量并与已知的营养价值相匹配； （3）使用下一代DNA测序鉴定粪便样品中的肠道微生物组成； （4）通过测量粪便样品中的短链脂肪酸浓度来近似微生物能量的产生。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估了审查标准。