Collaborative Research: US GEOTRACES GP-17-OCE: Molecular speciation of trace element-ligand complexes in the South Pacific Ocean

合作研究：US GEOTRACES GP-17-OCE：南太平洋微量元素-配体复合物的分子形态

• 批准号: 2045223
• 负责人: Daniel Repeta
• 金额: $ 76.21万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-15 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2045223&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; US; GEOTRACES; GP

All microscopic life in the ocean requires iron to grow and to thrive. This iron is supplied by dust that is carried from land out across the ocean by strong winds, or by volcanic activity deep within the ocean. However, large areas of the ocean are very remote from both land and deep-sea volcanic activity, and the amount of iron that reaches these areas is quite small. In these regions microscopic life is often limited by the very low concentrations of iron that characterize this environment. To use iron, microbes must first extract it from seawater. To do this, some microbes have the ability to manufacture unique organic compounds called siderophores that are specifically designed to capture iron from seawater and transport it into the cell. The presence of siderophores in seawater acts as a signal to know where in the ocean iron may be limiting microbial productivity.US GEOTRACES program is a cooperative, multi-investigator effort to make high quality, high-resolution measurements of metal concentrations across representative sections of major ocean basins. GEOTRACES data will serve as a benchmark against which future measurements, made as the ocean responds to climate change, can be referenced. Most biologically important metals in the ocean are bound to organic compounds such as siderophores, and the goals of our project are to identity and measure these metal-organic complexes at the molecular level on a section across the South Pacific and Southern Oceans between Tahiti and Antarctica. The section will consist of ~ 30 evenly spaced sites where samples of seawater will be collected from the surface to the bottom of the ocean. Trace-metal organic complexes will be extracted from these samples and analyzed in the laboratory for iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, manganese, and iodine containing complexes. The molecular identities, concentrations and water column distributions of these complexes will be determined, and used to assess how microbes acquire and use trace metals and other nutrients. In parallel, select samples will also be collected and analyzed for microbial genomes to provide information on which classes of microbes manufacture and use siderophores to acquire iron. Data will be archived in national and international databases. The project activities will help train the next generation of marine scientists and inform the public about how science can inform us about the ocean.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋中所有的微生物都需要铁来生长和繁衍。这种铁是由强风从陆地吹过海洋的灰尘提供的，或者是由海洋深处的火山活动提供的。然而，海洋的大部分区域离陆地和深海火山活动都非常遥远，到达这些区域的铁量相当少。在这些地区，微观生命往往受到极低铁浓度的限制，这是该环境的特征。要利用铁，微生物必须首先从海水中提取铁。为了做到这一点，一些微生物有能力制造一种叫做铁载体的独特有机化合物，这种化合物专门用于从海水中捕获铁并将其运输到细胞中。海水中铁载体的存在作为一个信号，可以了解海洋中铁可能限制微生物生产力的地方。美国GEOTRACES项目是一个多方合作的项目，旨在对主要海洋盆地的代表性区域进行高质量、高分辨率的金属浓度测量。GEOTRACES数据将作为一个基准，在海洋对气候变化作出反应时所做的未来测量可以作为参考。海洋中大多数具有重要生物学意义的金属都与铁载体等有机化合物结合在一起，我们项目的目标是在塔希提岛和南极洲之间的南太平洋和南大洋的一段区域上，在分子水平上识别和测量这些金属-有机复合物。该区域将由大约30个均匀间隔的地点组成，海水样本将从海洋表面收集到海洋底部。将从这些样品中提取微量金属有机配合物，并在实验室中分析含铁、铜、钴、镍、锌、锰和碘的配合物。这些复合物的分子特性、浓度和水柱分布将被确定，并用于评估微生物如何获取和利用微量金属和其他营养物质。与此同时，还将收集和分析微生物基因组的选定样本，以提供有关哪类微生物制造和使用铁载体获取铁的信息。数据将存档在国家和国际数据库中。这些项目活动将有助于培训下一代海洋科学家，并让公众了解科学如何让我们了解海洋。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。