CAREER: Biosynthesis of lipid monolayer membranes in Bacteria

职业:细菌中脂质单层膜的生物合成

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2047115
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 75.99万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2021-03-01 至 2026-02-28
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Cell membranes define the physical boundary between life and the environment. This project will substantially increase our understanding of monolayer cell membranes, which are variations in membrane structure that may help microbes survive in stressful environments. Uncovering the biological role of monolayer membranes, and the biochemistry required to produce them, will reveal some of the mechanisms microbes use to inhabit diverse and in some cases harsh environments. Improved understanding of monolayer membranes will also open new avenues in engineering microbes for biotechnology. Local high school students and undergraduates will participate in the research. Collaborations between researchers, participating students, and high school teachers will result in a high school teaching module focused on environmental microbiology. An additional outcome of this project will be the creation of an interactive regional soil database.This project will define the environmental constraints and biochemical mechanisms that govern production of membrane-spanning lipids and monolayer cell membranes in the Acidobacteria. Functional roles for lipid monolayers and membrane-spanning lipids remain elusive. Membrane-spanning lipids are hypothesized to provide increased tolerance to elevated temperatures and low pH, as they are often associated with extremophilic lifestyles. However, their presence in numerous mesophilic prokaryotes, such as soil-dwelling bacterial species, has muddled this conclusion. This project will directly explore the connections between monolayer membranes, bacterial cell physiology, and biosynthesis of membrane-spanning lipids (branched dialkylglycerol tetraester and tetraether lipids) using tractable Acidobacteria model systems. One objective is to generate an environment to phenotype map for membrane-spanning lipid production. Another objective will be to identify and characterize biochemical processes involved in membrane-spanning lipid biosynthesis. Both objectives will utilize lipidomic, transcriptomic, and comparative genomic approaches to identify key regulatory and enzymatic pathways involved in producing branched dialkylglycerol tetraester and tetraether lipids. An additional component will be introducing membrane-spanning lipid biosynthetic capabilities to other bacterial species. Collectively, these objectives will deepen our understanding of the relationship between lipid structure, membrane function, and cell physiology in prokaryotes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
细胞膜定义了生命和环境之间的物理边界。这个项目将大大增加我们对单层细胞膜的理解,单层细胞膜是膜结构的变化,可以帮助微生物在压力环境中生存。揭示单层膜的生物学作用,以及产生它们所需的生物化学,将揭示微生物用于栖息在各种环境中的一些机制,在某些情况下,这些环境是恶劣的。对单层膜的进一步了解也将为生物技术工程微生物开辟新的途径。当地的高中生和本科生将参加这项研究。研究人员,参与学生和高中教师之间的合作将导致一个高中教学模块集中在环境微生物学。该项目的另一项成果是建立一个互动的区域土壤数据库,该项目将确定环境制约因素和控制酸菌产生跨膜脂质和单层细胞膜的生物化学机制。脂质单层和跨膜脂质的功能作用仍然难以捉摸。跨膜脂质被假设为提供对升高的温度和低pH的耐受性,因为它们通常与极端生活方式有关。然而,它们存在于许多嗜温原核生物中,例如土壤细菌物种,混淆了这一结论。该项目将直接探索单层膜,细菌细胞生理学和跨膜脂质(支链二烷基甘油四酯和四醚脂质)的生物合成之间的联系,使用易处理的Acidobacteria模型系统。一个目标是产生一个环境表型图跨膜脂质生产。另一个目标将是识别和表征跨膜脂质生物合成中涉及的生化过程。这两个目标将利用lipidomic,转录组学和比较基因组学的方法,以确定关键的监管和酶的途径参与生产支链二烷基甘油四酯和四醚脂质。另一个组成部分将是向其他细菌物种引入跨膜脂质生物合成能力。总的来说,这些目标将加深我们对原核生物中脂质结构、膜功能和细胞生理学之间关系的理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

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