CAREER: Resolving vertical trophic linkages between surface and deep pelagic food webs

职业：解决表层和深层中上层食物网之间的垂直营养联系

• 批准号: 2048210
• 负责人: Anela Choy
• 金额: $ 89.92万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2048210&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Resolving; vertical; trophic; linkages

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).This CAREER award is advancing our understanding of connections between surface and deep water ocean food webs, which in turn has important implications for carbon cycling in the ocean. Although marine ecosystems deeper than 200 m encompass Earth’s largest single habitat, the food web relationships of deep-sea organisms are poorly resolved. The investigator is evaluating active transport by fishes, squids, crustaceans, and gelatinous animals that move organic matter from the more productive surface into deeper waters through feeding and diel vertical migration. She is using a combination of data on abundance and distribution of species with measurements of stable isotope biomarkers to understand trophic relationships and connect community composition and migratory behavior with food-web processes in the southern California Current ecosystem. The investigator is from a group traditionally underrepresented in science, and she has designed a comprehensive educational plan to train a more diverse, inclusive generation of seagoing biological oceanographers through hands-on field and research experiences. In addition to providing support for graduate and undergraduate students to participate directly in this research, the investigator is creating a novel and cohesive undergraduate curriculum involving a seagoing laboratory course to teach interdisciplinary field methods to conduct research on pelagic ecosystems and a seminar course highlighting Native and Indigenous knowledge alongside more traditional oceanographic research. The overall goal is to broaden participation in science by combining hands-on interdisciplinary research, mentoring, and expanding networks of minority and majority scientists.This study centers around Vinogradov’s “ladder of migrations” as a conceptual framework, with the goal of understanding cumulative downward transport of organisms and organic matter to the deep ocean by overlapping vertical migrations and feeding. It is focusing on the role of micronekton, defined as ~2-20 cm fishes, cephalopods, crustaceans, and gelatinous animals, as active transporters of surface-derived organic matter across epipelagic, mesopelagic, and upper-bathypelagic layers in the southern California Current Ecosystem. One research cruise is sampling deep pelagic micronekton communities comprehensively and systematically and complements long-term data collected in the surface waters of this ecosystem. Depth-discrete MOCNESS tows are sampling organisms to assess micronekton abundance, biomass, and extent of diel vertical migrations to understand how relative compositions of taxa drive vertical connectivity. Analysis of bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and compound-specific isotopic analyses of amino acids (AA-CSIA) in organism tissue are providing quantitative assessments of deep-pelagic food webs and measuring the relative strength and composition of trophic linkages between surface and deeper water assemblages across distinct environmental gradients.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项全部或部分由2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。该职业奖正在推进我们对表层和深水海洋食物网之间联系的理解，这反过来又对海洋中的碳循环产生重要影响。虽然海洋生态系统深度超过200米，包括地球上最大的单一栖息地，深海生物的食物网关系解决得很差。调查人员正在评估鱼类、鱿鱼、甲壳类动物和凝胶状动物的主动运输，这些动物通过摄食和昼夜垂直迁移将有机物从生产力较高的表层转移到较深的沃茨。她正在使用物种丰度和分布的数据与稳定同位素生物标志物的测量相结合，以了解营养关系，并将社区组成和迁移行为与南加州当前生态系统中的食物网过程联系起来。研究员来自一个传统上在科学界代表性不足的群体，她设计了一个全面的教育计划，通过实践和研究经验，培养更多样化，更具包容性的一代海洋生物学家。除了为研究生和本科生直接参与这项研究提供支持外，研究人员还创建了一个新颖而有凝聚力的本科课程，其中包括一个海上实验室课程，教授跨学科的实地方法，以进行对远洋生态系统的研究，以及一个研讨会课程，强调土著和土著知识以及更传统的海洋学研究。总体目标是通过结合实践跨学科研究、指导和扩大少数民族和多数民族科学家的网络来扩大科学参与。本研究以维诺格拉多夫的“迁移阶梯”为概念框架，目标是通过重叠的垂直迁移和摄食来理解生物和有机物质向深海的累积向下运输。它的重点是micronekton的作用，定义为~2-20厘米的鱼类，头足类，甲壳类动物，和凝胶状动物，作为积极的运输商的表面衍生的有机物跨越上层，中层，上层深海层在南加州当前生态系统。一次研究航行正在对深海浮游微浮游生物群落进行全面和系统的采样，并补充在这一生态系统的表层沃茨收集的长期数据。深度离散MOCNESS拖是采样生物，以评估微浮游生物丰度，生物量和昼夜垂直迁移的程度，以了解类群的相对组成如何驱动垂直连接。生物体碳、氮稳定同位素分析和氨基酸化合物特异性同位素分析（AA-CSIA）为生物体深部环境的定量评价提供了新的途径。远洋食物网和测量不同环境梯度下表层和深层水组合之间营养联系的相对强度和组成。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的学术价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。