Characterization of Meteoroids and Meteors through Simulations and Remote Sensing Using High-Power Large-Aperture Radars

使用高功率大孔径雷达通过模拟和遥感表征流星体和流星

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2048349
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2021-06-01 至 2024-05-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Approximate 100 tons of extraterrestrial matter, primarily composed of meteoroids, enters the Earth’s atmosphere every day. Meteoroids are defined as solid particles of natural origin in space, which typically originate from the breakup of comets and asteroids and are categorized according to their origin. On average, over 100 billion meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere daily with masses larger than 1 microgram. Meteoroids travel between 11 and 72.8 km/s relative to the Earth if in solar orbit; a small, though as yet undetermined, fraction originates outside of our solar system, implying that distant stellar systems can impact Earth’s environment. The light and associated physical phenomena associated with a meteoroid’s passage through a planet’s atmosphere is called a meteor, which results from the plasma created by the meteoroid as it ionizes the gas along its trajectory. Although meteoroids have a profound effect on our space environment, we know very little about their fundamental properties. The connection between meteoroid properties and plasma formation still remains poorly understood due to a lack of knowledge regarding how background properties influence the plasma dynamics and also how selection effects in the observing instrument impacts detection. This project seeks to answer these questions by probing into the plasma physics that surrounds the meteoroid, known as the head echo plasma, and uncover the connection between meteoroid properties, plasma formation, and the properties of the background ionosphere. The research will address many of the outstanding questions in the meteor and meteoroid community, including the mass deposition rate into our atmosphere, the dominant density population, and the effect of the background electric and magnetic fields on plasma expansion and distribution. This fundamental research includes the development of three simulations, including a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) model and a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm to determine the plasma formation and expansion, and a Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) model to correlate radar signal strength with plasma density. The project team will also collect and analyze High-Power, Large-Aperture (HPLA) radar data at diverse geographic locations. This research will contribute to the National Space Weather Program’s goal of understanding the evolution of ionospheric irregularities, and answer the following three scientific questions:1) What are the properties of meteor plasmas, including peak plasma density and distribution?2) How is meteoroid ablation and plasma formation affected by the physics of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere?3) What are the properties of the parent meteoroids, including mass, bulk density, and velocity, and how do they correlate to the meteor plasmas?The results of this research will enable understanding of impact plasma and facilitate collaboration between MIT Haystack Observatory and Stanford University. The HPLA data, in addition to the models and simulations developed, will be widely disseminated to enhance scientific and technological understanding. Graduate students will be involved in all aspects of the modeling and simulation, and both undergraduate and graduate student students will be able to analyze the HPLA data, which will contribute to the training of the next generation of scientists and engineers. The research will be integrated into the classroom at Stanford University, including three graduate classes and one undergraduate class designed and taught by the PI. In addition to developing and teaching these courses, the PI frequently engages in outreach activities, such as with grade schools, the Mission to Mars Program for undergraduate students, and various television programs, such as National Geographic, the Weather Channel, and PBS NOVA, where she has described how meteoroids can threaten interplanetary space programs. These endeavors will inspire another generation of students beyond those directly engaged at Stanford University to pursue a degree in this field of research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
每天大约有100吨主要由流星体组成的地外物质进入地球大气层。 流星体被定义为空间中自然形成的固体颗粒,通常来自彗星和小行星的分裂,并根据其来源进行分类。平均每天有超过1000亿颗质量大于1微克的流星体进入地球大气层。 如果在太阳轨道上,流星体相对于地球的速度在11至72.8公里/秒之间;有一小部分(尽管尚未确定)来自太阳系之外,这意味着遥远的恒星系统可能影响地球环境。 流星体穿过行星大气层时产生的光和相关的物理现象被称为流星,这是流星体在其轨道上沿着电离气体时产生的等离子体的结果。 虽然流星体对我们的空间环境有着深远的影响,但我们对它们的基本特性知之甚少。 流星体特性和等离子体形成之间的联系仍然知之甚少,原因是缺乏关于背景特性如何影响等离子体动力学以及观测仪器中的选择效应如何影响探测的知识。 该项目试图通过探索流星体周围的等离子体物理来回答这些问题,称为头部回波等离子体,并揭示流星体属性,等离子体形成和背景电离层属性之间的联系。这项研究将解决流星和流星体界的许多悬而未决的问题,包括进入我们大气层的质量沉积率,占主导地位的密度人口,以及背景电场和磁场对等离子体膨胀和分布的影响。 这项基础研究包括三个模拟的发展,包括直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)模型和粒子在细胞(PIC)算法,以确定等离子体的形成和膨胀,和时域有限差分(FDTD)模型,雷达信号强度与等离子体密度。 该项目团队还将收集和分析不同地理位置的高功率大孔径(HPLA)雷达数据。 这项研究将有助于国家空间天气计划了解电离层不规则性演变的目标,并回答以下三个科学问题:1)流星等离子体的特性是什么,包括峰值等离子体密度和分布?2)流星体烧蚀和等离子体形成如何受到高层大气和电离层物理学的影响?3)母流星体的性质是什么,包括质量、体积密度和速度,它们与流星等离子体的关系如何?这项研究的结果将使人们能够了解碰撞等离子体,并促进麻省理工学院干草堆天文台和斯坦福大学之间的合作。除了所开发的模型和模拟外,还将广泛传播人类生命周期评估数据,以加强科学和技术方面的了解。研究生将参与建模和仿真的各个方面,本科生和研究生都将能够分析HPLA数据,这将有助于培养下一代科学家和工程师。 该研究将被整合到斯坦福大学的课堂中,包括由PI设计和教授的三个研究生班和一个本科生班。除了开发和教授这些课程外,PI还经常参与外展活动,例如小学,本科生的火星使命计划,以及各种电视节目,如国家地理,天气频道和PBS NOVA,在那里她描述了流星体如何威胁行星际空间计划。这些努力将激励新一代的学生超越那些直接从事斯坦福大学在这一研究领域的学位。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准的支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(1)
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Meteor Head Echo Analyses From Concurrent Radar Observations at AMISR Resolute Bay, Jicamarca, and Millstone Hill
根据 AMISR Resolute Bay、Jicamarca 和 Millstone Hill 的同步雷达观测进行流星头回波分析
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Sigrid Elschot其他文献

Self-consistent charging of complex objects in flowing plasma: Implementation and analysis in WarpX
流动等离子体中复杂物体的自洽充电:在WarpX中的实现与分析
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109680
  • 发表时间:
    2025-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.400
  • 作者:
    Ashwyn Sam;Sigrid Elschot
  • 通讯作者:
    Sigrid Elschot
Collisionless electrostatic particle-in-cell simulation of rapid target charging along an unbiased dielectric surface due to hypervelocity impact plasmas
由于超高速碰撞等离子体沿无偏压电介质表面的快速目标充电的无碰撞静电粒子模拟
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105360
  • 发表时间:
    2025-10-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.700
  • 作者:
    Nancy Diallo;Raymond Lau;Nicolas Lee;Sigrid Elschot
  • 通讯作者:
    Sigrid Elschot

Sigrid Elschot的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Sigrid Elschot', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: A Simulation and Theoretical Analysis of Meteor Evolution over Scales Ranging from Sub-microseconds to Minutes
合作研究:亚微秒到分钟尺度的流星演化模拟与理论分析
  • 批准号:
    2301645
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
CEDAR: Atmospheric Neutral Density Dynamics through Meteor Observations
CEDAR:通过流星观测的大气中性密度动力学
  • 批准号:
    1920383
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
GEM: Extending the Capabilities of CubeSats for Measuring Radiation Belt Precipitation
GEM:扩展 CubeSat 测量辐射带降水的能力
  • 批准号:
    1602607
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: CubeSat: A U.S. CubeSat Constellation for the QB50 Mission (QBUS)
合作研究:CubeSat:用于 QB50 任务 (QBUS) 的美国 CubeSat 星座
  • 批准号:
    1242912
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Global Impact of Lightning-Generated VLF Waves on Radiation Belt Electron Losses
闪电产生的甚低频波对辐射带电子损耗的全球影响
  • 批准号:
    1139321
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
CEDAR: Thunderstorm Coupling to the Lower Ionosphere through Electromagnetic, Acoustic, and Gravity Waves
CEDAR:雷暴通过电磁波、声波和重力波与低电离层耦合
  • 批准号:
    1243176
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
CAREER: Meteor and Meteoroid Characterization Using High-Power Large-Aperture Radar Data
职业:使用高功率大孔径雷达数据表征流星和流星体
  • 批准号:
    1056042
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: CEDAR--Tomographic Array for Lightning and Ionospheric Studies (TALIS)
合作研究:CEDAR——用于闪电和电离层研究的断层扫描阵列 (TALIS)
  • 批准号:
    1025262
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: CEDAR--Tomographic Array for Lightning and Ionospheric Studies (TALIS)
合作研究:CEDAR——用于闪电和电离层研究的断层扫描阵列 (TALIS)
  • 批准号:
    0836510
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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Flux and structure of meteoroids which impact the Earth
撞击地球的流星体的通量和结构
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2018-05474
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.43万
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    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Flux and structure of meteoroids which impact the Earth
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流星体的结构、成分和起源
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