Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: An experimental analysis of the role of group identity in leadership effectiveness

经济学博士论文研究：群体认同在领导效能中作用的实验分析

• 批准号: 2048476
• 负责人: Daniel Houser
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: George Mason University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2048476&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economics; experimental

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).Understanding the role of leaders in mitigating cooperation failures in groups especially when group members have distorted incentives is a relevant issue in economics. This research project will use economic theory and experimental methods to study whether beliefs and decisions of group members vary according to whether the leader shares the same group identity as the followers. The project will combine insights from behavioral economics, social psychology, leadership, and management studies to compare the effectiveness of ingroup and outgroup leaders. Social identity theory suggests that a shared group identity between leaders and followers could increase trust in an ingroup leader's effectiveness in fostering cooperation. The research design will investigate whether ingroup bias can lower overall cooperation and efficiency in groups with outgroup leaders. Ingroup bias can become a challenge for effective diverse leadership. This research will help to fill in gaps in knowledge of the detrimental effects of ingroup bias and will have broad impacts on the study of leadership. Further, the results of this research project will shed light on identity-based discrimination which can provide important inputs into policies that improve diversity and inclusion in leadership.In a novel laboratory experimental design, the project uses identity manipulations within a leadership game. Groups play a public goods game where the leader encourages cooperation within each group following a two-fold identification strategy which creates artificial group identities. Laboratory subjects acting as followers decide whether to follow a leader’s cooperation suggestion in a group task. The main hypothesis is that the ingroups will exhibit favoritism towards ingroup leaders and discrimination against outgroup leaders. The difference in a group’s cooperation levels under ingroup and outgroup leadership will help in isolating the effects of shared group identity on leadership effectiveness. Extending this to a second study where the leaders use a reward mechanism to incentivize higher cooperation it can be observed whether a reward mechanism can bridge the gap between ingroup and outgroup leader effectiveness. The project makes two contributions. It provides an interdisciplinary approach to studyingthe interaction effects of group identity and leader effectiveness. Second, the results will allow researchers to understand the ramifications of shared social identities between leaders and followers and prevent the negative consequences that may arise out of the lack of inclusion of diverse leaders. Overall, the results will have policy implications for both organizations and policy makers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项的全部或部分资金来自2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）。理解领导者在减轻群体合作失败中的作用，特别是当群体成员有扭曲的激励时，是经济学中的一个相关问题。本研究将运用经济学理论和实验方法，研究群体成员的信念和决策是否会因领导者与追随者是否具有相同的群体身份而发生变化。该项目将结合联合收割机的见解，从行为经济学，社会心理学，领导和管理研究，比较有效的内组和外组的领导者。社会认同理论表明，领导者和追随者之间共享的群体认同可以增加对内部领导者在促进合作方面的有效性的信任。研究设计将探讨内群体偏见是否会降低与外群体领导者的整体合作和效率。群体内偏见可能成为有效多元化领导的挑战。本研究将有助于填补内群体偏见的有害影响的知识空白，并将对领导力的研究产生广泛的影响。此外，该研究项目的结果将揭示基于身份的歧视，可以提供重要的投入到政策，提高多样性和包容性的leadership.In一个新的实验室实验设计，该项目使用的领导游戏中的身份操纵。群体进行公共物品博弈，领导者鼓励每个群体内的合作，遵循双重识别策略，创造人工群体身份。实验中，被试在群体任务中扮演跟随者的角色，决定是否跟随领导者的合作建议。主要假设是内群体会表现出对内群体领导者的偏爱和对外群体领导者的歧视。内群领导和外群领导下群体合作水平的差异将有助于隔离共享群体身份对领导有效性的影响。扩展到第二个研究中，领导者使用奖励机制来激励更高的合作，可以观察到奖励机制是否可以弥合内组和外组领导者有效性之间的差距。该项目有两个贡献。它提供了一个跨学科的方法来研究群体认同和领导效能的交互作用。其次，研究结果将使研究人员能够了解领导者和追随者之间共享社会身份的后果，并防止因缺乏多元化领导者而可能产生的负面后果。总的来说，结果将对组织和政策制定者产生政策影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。