Collaborative Research: Assessment of Building Resiliency in Tornadoes Considering Transient Internal Pressure Effects

合作研究：考虑瞬态内压影响的龙卷风建筑弹性评估

• 批准号: 2053364
• 负责人: Hannah Blum
• 金额: $ 21.23万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-11-01 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2053364&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Assessment; Building; Resiliency

Buildings that serve as essential facilities to communities must remain operational after natural disasters, including tornadoes, to provide vital services and reduce recovery time. A frequent cause for building failures in tornadoes has been the sudden occurrence of large openings in the building envelope, such as when overhead vehicular doors are breached due to debris impact. These sudden breaches create sudden changes in the internal pressure of the building which, in turn, yield additional structural effects. But there has not been much research on these sorts of pressure changes to date. This Disaster Resilience Research Grants (DRRG) project will quantify transient internal pressures and the effects of changes in order to improve assessment of likely building performance in tornadoes. Findings will contribute significantly to the development of codes and standards for tornado-resistant building design, including critical infrastructures and other types of buildings. In addition, the data from the research will be curated in the Data Depot repository of the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) for open access to inform other research on tornadic loading of buildings. Through dedicated special research symposia on disaster resilience in structural engineering with academics and professionals, the project will enhance partnerships between academia and industry. A mentoring program will support undergraduate students who identify as members of underrepresented groups in structural engineering, and educational outreach activities will improve community tornado hazard awareness.The goal of the study is to improve the understanding of internal pressure of buildings due to sudden occurrences of large openings in the building envelope to enable the accurate assessment of building performance in tornadoes. Our central hypothesis is that transient internal pressure caused by sudden occurrences of large openings in the building envelope is significant and affects the building system differently than when the building is enclosed or has preexisting large openings. A robust computational model validated with testing in a tornado simulator will be developed and output from this model will help enable the design of buildings that are more resilient to tornado events. The research will be carried out by achieving three specific aims. Firstly, transient internal pressure resulting from a sudden failure in the building envelope will be quantified based on experiments in a tornado simulator, and the results will be used to validate computational models. Secondly, the validated computational model will be utilized to study the effects of dominant opening sizes and failure modes on the system strength and resiliency, incorporating inherent system uncertainties. Thirdly, this work will produce fragility functions and recommendations to guide engineers on how to optimize resources to achieve tornado resilient designs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

作为社区基本设施的建筑物必须在包括龙卷风在内的自然灾害发生后保持运转，以提供重要服务并缩短恢复时间。龙卷风中建筑物损坏的一个常见原因是建筑物外壳中突然出现大开口，例如当高架车门因碎片撞击而破裂时。这些突然的破坏造成建筑物内部压力的突然变化，从而产生额外的结构效应。但是到目前为止，还没有太多关于这种压力变化的研究。这个抗灾能力研究赠款（DRRG）项目将量化瞬态内部压力和变化的影响，以改善对龙卷风中可能的建筑物性能的评估。研究结果将大大有助于制定抗龙卷风建筑设计的规范和标准，包括关键基础设施和其他类型的建筑。此外，该研究的数据将在自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）的数据仓库存储库中进行管理，以开放访问，为其他关于建筑物龙卷风荷载的研究提供信息。通过与学术界和专业人士就结构工程中的抗灾能力举行专门的特别研究研讨会，该项目将加强学术界和工业界之间的伙伴关系。一个指导计划将支持那些在结构工程中被认为是代表性不足的群体的本科生，教育外展活动将提高社区对龙卷风危害的认识。该研究的目标是提高对建筑物内部压力的理解，由于建筑物外壳突然出现大开口，从而能够准确评估建筑物在龙卷风中的性能。我们的中心假设是，瞬态内压所造成的突然发生的大开口的建筑围护结构是显着的，影响建筑系统不同，当建筑物是封闭的或预先存在的大开口。将开发一个在龙卷风模拟器中经过测试验证的强大计算模型，该模型的输出将有助于设计对龙卷风事件更具弹性的建筑物。这项研究将通过实现三个具体目标来进行。首先，瞬态的内部压力所产生的突然故障的建筑围护结构将被量化的基础上，在龙卷风模拟器的实验，其结果将被用来验证计算模型。其次，将利用经验证的计算模型来研究主要开口尺寸和故障模式对系统强度和弹性的影响，并纳入系统固有的不确定性。第三，这项工作将产生脆弱性函数和建议，指导工程师如何优化资源，以实现龙卷风弹性设计。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得支持的，通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。