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N2O from the Swiss midlands: regional sources and hot spots

来自瑞士中部的 N2O：区域来源和热点

基本信息

批准号：
246357085
负责人：
Professor Dr. Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
金额：
--
依托单位：
Empa - Materials Science and Technology
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/246357085?language=en
关键词：
N2O Swiss midlands regional sources

项目摘要

This project will, for the first time, conduct real-time quasi-continuous measurements of N2O concentrations and site-specific isotopic composition at field and regional scale at a tall tower (Beromünster), located in a rural environment on the Swiss plateau. In a top-down approach, using these measurements, backward Lagrangian particle dispersion modeling (FLEXPART-COSMO) and an inversion system, the source strengths of total N2O and its isotopic signatures in northern Switzerland will be determined. In a complementary bottom-up approach, a state of the art biogeochemical model (LandscapeDNDC) will be extended with a sub-module capable for simulating isotopic signatures of N2O emitted from soils. The model extension will be based on enrichment factors for the relevant processes involved in ecosystem nitrogen cycling. LandscapeDNDC is the most suitable for this approach since besides all other relevant ecosystem N cycling processes also microbial processes such as nitrification and denitrification are already implemented. The model will be supplemented with algorithms reflecting process specific isotopic site preferences of produced and emitted N2O. The extended LandscapDNDC model in combination with detailed geospatial information on soil, vegetation and management will finally be used to identify and assess site, field and regional-scale patterns of soil N2O emissions. The backward Lagrangian transport simulations will provide the necessary link between these bottom-up estimates and the measurements at the tall tower and will allow to check for consistency between biogeochemistry model predictions and observations and to identify weaknesses in our current understanding of the underlying processes.The work is planned for a three-year study based on a PhD (WP 1) and a two year (50 %) post-doc position at Empa (WP 3) advised by the experts of the Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology and a three-year PhD position at KIT (WP 2) guided by the specialists at the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

该项目将首次在位于瑞士高原农村环境的高塔(Beromünster)对现场和区域范围内的N2O浓度和特定地点的同位素组成进行实时准连续测量。在自上而下的方法中，使用这些测量、反向拉格朗日粒子弥散模拟(FLEXPART-COSMO)和一个反演系统，将确定瑞士北部总N2O的源强度及其同位素特征。在一个互补的自下而上的方法中，一个最先进的生物地球化学模型(Landscape DNDC)将被扩展为一个能够模拟土壤排放的N2O同位素特征的子模块。模型的扩展将以生态系统氮循环所涉及的相关过程的浓缩系数为基础。景观DNDC是最适合这种方法的，因为除了所有其他相关的生态系统N循环过程外，还已经实施了硝化和反硝化等微生物过程。该模型将补充反映产生和排放的N2O的工艺特定同位素位置偏好的算法。扩展的Landscape DNDC模型结合关于土壤、植被和管理的详细地理空间信息，最终将用于确定和评估土壤N2O排放的场地、田间和区域尺度模式。反向拉格朗日传输模拟将在这些自下而上的估计和高塔上的测量之间提供必要的联系，并将允许检查生物地球化学模型预测和观测之间的一致性，并找出我们目前对潜在过程理解中的弱点。计划进行一项为期三年的研究，其基础是由空气污染与环境技术实验室的专家建议的EMPA(WP 3)的一个博士学位(WP 1)和一个由KIT(WP 2)的专家指导的为期三年的博士职位(WP 2)。