COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: LTREB: Long-term ecological and evolutionary dynamics of secondary contact

合作研究：LTREB：二次接触的长期生态和进化动力学

• 批准号: 2102763
• 负责人: Eric Palkovacs
• 金额: $ 17.96万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-15 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2102763&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; LTREB; Long; term

Populations of animals and plants are regularly isolated by natural processes and human activities. In isolation, populations adapt to local environments, and traits and genes may diverge. This adaptive divergence can create ecologically important variation that changes the role of species within ecosystems. Natural processes and human activities can also allow or force populations that have diverged in isolation to come back into contact - a process called secondary contact. The outcome of secondary contact is important for understanding how populations evolve and ecosystems function. This LTREB takes advantage of a whole-lake restoration project to study the decade-scale ecological and evolutionary dynamics of secondary contact between recently diverged lineages of alewife. Alewife are a well-studied and ecologically important fish found in lakes and in the coastal ocean of eastern North America. There are two divergent alewife life-history forms: the ancestral anadromous form that moves between lakes and the coastal ocean and a landlocked form that is resident in lakes. Many landlocked populations were formed by the construction of dams by colonial Americans. The recent removal of dams and construction of fishways create opportunities for secondary contact between landlocked and anadromous alewife populations. Findings will address questions fundamental to the generation and maintenance of biodiversity, the ecological impact of variation within species, and the impacts of human accelerated environmental changes including population fragmentation, restoration of habitat connectivity, and climate change. This project will inform the conservation and management of anadromous alewife, a critical resource in coastal freshwater and marine habitats, a species of conservation concern, and the focus of intensive restoration and conservation efforts. The genomic tools developed by this project will help resource managers address important questions, such as the impact of bycatch on anadromous alewife populations. The project will train graduate and undergraduate students, including students from underrepresented backgrounds, in a unique combination of advanced genomics techniques and whole-lake sampling. This project asks how climate change, anadromous alewife population recovery, and periodic major hybridization events (2-3 per decade), interact to determine the magnitude of hybridization and direction of gene flow, phenotypic differentiation among alewife forms, and whole-lake impacts. It focuses on the restoration of Rogers Lake, Connecticut and regional reference lakes. This project utilizes highly informative microhaplotype genetic markers to measure hybridization and gene flow; measures trophic morphology, individual growth rates, diets, and habitat use to assess phenotypic and ecological differentiation among forms; and samples inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton, and zooplankton to evaluate whole-lake impacts. This research provides a rare opportunity to track the ecological and evolutionary dynamics from the initiation of secondary contact, and the long-term research plan facilitates the detection of rare events and interactions between ecological and evolutionary process at the whole ecosystem scale.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

通过自然过程和人类活动定期隔离动物和植物的种群。孤立地，种群适应当地环境，性状和基因可能会有所不同。这种自适应差异可以创造出生态上重要的变化，从而改变了物种在生态系统中的作用。自然过程和人类活动还可以允许或迫使孤立的分歧以返回接触的种群 - 一种称为次要接触的过程。次级接触的结果对于理解种群的发展和生态系统的功能很重要。该LTREB利用了一个全湖修复项目，研究了最近分歧的Alewife谱系之间的二次接触的十年规模的生态和进化动力学。 Alewife是在湖泊和北美东部沿海海洋中发现的一条良好且生态上重要的鱼类。有两种不同的Alewife生活形式：祖先的麻醉形式，在湖泊和沿海海洋之间移动，以及居住在湖泊中的内陆形式。许多内陆人口是由殖民地美国人建造大坝形成的。最近去除水坝和渔道的建造为内陆和无动物的阿雷瓦夫人口之间的次要接触创造了机会。调查结果将解决对生物多样性的产生和维持，物种内变异的生态影响以及人类加速环境变化的影响，包括人口分散，栖息地连通性的恢复和气候变化的影响。该项目将为Anadromous Alewife的保护和管理提供信息，这是沿海淡水和海洋栖息地的关键资源，一种保护关注的物种以及密集恢复和保护工作的重点。该项目开发的基因组工具将帮助资源经理解决重要问题，例如旁观者对无效的Alewife人群的影响。该项目将通过高级基因组技术和全湖抽样的独特组合来培训毕业生和本科生，包括来自代表性不足的背景的学生。 该项目询问气候变化，厌食的Alewife种群恢复和周期性的重大杂交事件（每十年2-3个）如何相互作用，以确定杂交和基因流动方向的幅度，Alewife形式之间的表型分化以及全湖区影响。它重点介绍了罗杰斯湖，康涅狄格州和区域参考湖泊的恢复。该项目利用了高度信息的微塑料遗传标记来测量杂交和基因流。衡量营养形态，个体生长速率，饮食和栖息地用于评估形式之间的表型和生态分化；和样品无机养分，浮游植物和浮游动物，以评估全湖区的影响。这项研究提供了一个难得的机会，可以通过次要接触的开始来跟踪生态和进化动态，而长期研究计划促进了整个生态系统规模上生态和进化过程之间罕见事件和相互作用的检测。这奖反映了NSF的立法使命，并以基金会的智力评估和广泛的范围进行评估，并以评估值得评估。

项目成果

The Evolutionary Consequences of Dams and Other Barriers for Riverine Fishes

水坝和其他屏障对河流鱼类的进化后果

• DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac004
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: BioScience
• 影响因子: 10.1
• 作者: Zarri, Liam J.;Palkovacs, Eric P.;Post, David M.;Therkildsen, Nina O.;Flecker, Alexander S.
• 通讯作者: Flecker, Alexander S.