Material Response to Dense Electronic Excitations: Nonlinear Defect Dynamics and Phase Transformations

材料对密集电子激励的响应：非线性缺陷动力学和相变

• 批准号: 2104228
• 负责人: William Weber
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-12-01 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2104228&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Material; Response; Dense; Electronic; Excitations

Non-Technical Description: The response of materials to energy dissipation from energetic charged particles is important for defect engineering, ion-beam modification, ion-beam processing, ion-beam analysis, geologic age dating, space exploration, high-energy accelerators and nuclear applications. As a charged particle penetrates a solid, its energy is transferred to atomic nuclei and to electrons leading to complex energy dissipation processes in the solid that are coupled in time and space. The energy transferred to electrons results in highly-local, dense electronic excitations that often exceed those produced by intense pulsed lasers. These coupled processes bring materials to extreme and often transient regimes where unique defects, novel nanostructures, and material phases are formed, and where competitive self-healing can be induced. The goal of this project is to achieve critical understanding on these coupled phenomena on the response of materials and to identify new pathways to control the formation of defects, nanostructures and phases for advanced electro-optical systems, for tailoring materials functionality and performance, and for the design of better materials for advanced energy technologies. This project provides a unique set of integrated education, research, training and outreach activities to educate both undergraduate and graduate students in fundamental research on a new class of engineering materials, recruits students from under-represented groups in STEM areas, and provides training for the next-generation workforce in advanced electro-optical and energy technologies across academia, national laboratories and industry. Technical Description: This project applies experimental approaches to understand, model and ultimately control the far-from-equilibrium dynamic response of ceramic materials to extreme energy dissipation from energetic charged-particles at the level of electrons and atoms in order to guide materials discovery and tailor materials functionality and performance. The model ABO3 perovskites to be studied exhibit different bonding character, strong luminescence signatures for electronic and lattice defects, and distinctly different response to electronic and nuclear energy loss. The response of these model perovskite structures to single and multiple ion events is experimentally investigated over a range of conditions to vary the partitioning of energy transfer to electrons and atoms in both undamaged single crystals and in single crystals containing different pre-existing levels of damage. The investigations are designed to both separately and simultaneously probe high electronic excitation densities and the coupling of electronic and atomic processes under irradiation from cryogenic to elevated temperatures using in situ ion-beam analysis and optical spectroscopy techniques, as well as advanced microscopy and x-ray diffraction methods. This research provides transformative new understanding of the complex electronic and atomic correlations with extreme energy dissipation that enables the formation of unique defect states, the design and discovery of materials with novel functionalities for advanced technologies, and the development of self-healing and radiation tolerant materials for next generation high-energy accelerators, space environments and nuclear applications. This project provides a unique set of education, research and training activities on state-of-the-art ion-beam capabilities, materials characterization techniques and defect physics, as well as written and oral communication skills, that prepare students for the technological workforce.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术描述：材料对高能带电粒子能量耗散的响应对于缺陷工程、离子束改性、离子束加工、离子束分析、地质年代测定、空间探索、高能加速器和核应用都很重要。当带电粒子穿透固体时，其能量被转移到原子核和电子，导致固体中在时间和空间上耦合的复杂能量耗散过程。转移到电子的能量导致高度局部的、密集的电子激发，其通常超过由强脉冲激光产生的电子激发。这些耦合过程将材料带到极端且通常是瞬态的状态，在这种状态下形成独特的缺陷、新颖的纳米结构和材料相，并且可以诱导竞争性自愈。该项目的目标是实现对材料响应的这些耦合现象的批判性理解，并确定新的途径来控制先进电光系统的缺陷，纳米结构和阶段的形成，以定制材料的功能和性能，并为先进的能源技术设计更好的材料。该项目提供了一套独特的综合教育，研究，培训和推广活动，以教育本科生和研究生对新一类工程材料的基础研究，从STEM领域代表性不足的群体中招募学生，并为下一代劳动力提供培训在学术界，国家实验室和工业界的先进电光和能源技术。 技术说明：该项目采用实验方法来理解，建模并最终控制陶瓷材料对电子和原子水平的高能带电粒子的极端能量耗散的远平衡动态响应，以指导材料发现并定制材料功能和性能。要研究的模型ABO3钙钛矿表现出不同的键合特性，电子和晶格缺陷的强发光特征，以及对电子和核能损失的明显不同的响应。这些模型钙钛矿结构的响应，以单和多离子事件的实验研究在一系列条件下，以改变未受损的单晶和单晶中的电子和原子的能量转移的分区含有不同的预先存在的损伤水平。调查的目的是分别和同时探测高电子激发密度和耦合的电子和原子过程下的辐射从低温到高温使用原位离子束分析和光谱技术，以及先进的显微镜和X射线衍射方法。这项研究为复杂的电子和原子相关性提供了变革性的新理解，具有极端的能量耗散，能够形成独特的缺陷态，设计和发现具有先进技术的新功能的材料，以及为下一代高能加速器，空间环境和核应用开发自修复和耐辐射材料。该项目提供了一套独特的教育，研究和培训活动，涉及最先进的离子束能力，材料表征技术和缺陷物理学，以及书面和口头沟通技能，为学生的技术劳动力做好准备。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Revealing two-stage phase transition process in defective KTaO3 under inelastic interactions

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115032
• 期刊: Scripta Materialia
• 影响因子: 6
• 作者: D. Iancu;E. Zarkadoula;M. Mihai;C. Burducea;I. Burducea;M. Straticiuc;Y. Zhang;W. J. Weber;G. Velişa

Defect generation mechanisms in silica under intense electronic excitation by ion beams below 100 K: Interplay between radiative emissions

低于 100 K 的离子束强烈电子激发下二氧化硅中的缺陷产生机制：辐射发射之间的相互作用

• DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119097
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Acta Materialia
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Crespillo, M.L.;Graham, J.T.;Weber, W.J.;Agulló-López, F.
• 通讯作者: Agulló-López, F.

Athermal annealing of pre-existing defects in crystalline silicon

晶体硅中预先存在的缺陷的非热退火

• DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119379
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Acta Materialia
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Mihai, M.D.;Iancu, D.;Zarkadoula, E.;Florin, R.A.;Tong, Y.;Zhang, Y.;Weber, W.J.;Velişa, G.
• 通讯作者: Velişa, G.

High entropy ceramics for applications in extreme environments

• DOI: 10.1088/2515-7639/ad2ec5
• 发表时间: 2024-01
• 期刊: Journal of Physics: Materials
• 作者: T. Z. Ward;R. P. Wilkerson;B. Musicó;A. Foley;M. Brahlek;W. J. Weber;K. Sickafus;A. R. Mazza