From royal gravemounds to civic necropoleis: Modern funeral archaeology investigating social stratigraphy and local identities in hellenistic Pergamon and the Eolic cities

从皇家墓地到公民墓地：现代葬礼考古学调查希腊化佩加蒙和风神城市的社会地层和当地身份

• 批准号: 246601872
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Felix Pirson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Istanbul
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/246601872?language=en
• 关键词: royal; gravemounds; civic; necropoleis; Modern

The necropoleis and the great tumuli of Pergamon and the Eolian cities of Kyme and Elaia represent a priceless archaeological heritage for understanding the political, social and cultural dynamics in a key region of Hellenistic Asia Minor. They offer a wide range of sociological and historical contexts: on the one hand they provide information on every stratum of the society, from the Attalid princes and the prosperous citizens to the more modest section of the population; on the other hand, the studied area offers a large variety of political, social and cultural situations: the residential city of Pergamon, Kyme (the heart of Eolid, which long remained under the Seleucid control), and Elaia (both an Eolian city and the naval base of Pergamon). This situation gives an ideal background to approach a series of questions that are under discussion in the scholarly milieu: (1) The structure of the society through the funerary practices and behaviors; (2) The transformation of the forms of the urban ideological representations under the influence of the Hellenistic kingship; (3) The cultural impact of the interactions between the capital of the Attalid kingdom and the autonomous poleis; (4) The transformation of local identities and the circulation of ideological models from the Hellenistic Kingdoms in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. Following themost recent research, our aim is to approach the funerary behaviors as a subtle and complex expression of the social, cultural and religious habitus. In order to renew such approaches one first has to reconsider the archaeological documentation produced since the 1880s and create a collaborative French-German program with the teams already working in this area. The project aims at developing a common strategy in order to enhance the exploitation of scientific data by combining the most innovative aspects of French and German research in funerary archaeology. Our goal is to constitute an interdisciplinary French-German-Turkish team that will be capable of intervening throughout this three-years project based on different sites of the region and that will also be able to develop collaboration with the other Turkish and foreign partners. The case studies are the urban necropoleis of Elaia and Kyme, as well as the large tumuli of Pergamon and Kyme. A series of common methods will be applied by the main French-German team, including but not limited to: Remote sensing, geophysical and geoseismic survey; excavation of strategic areas, chosen after the result of the surveys, in the necropoleis and among the large mounds; double program of funerary anthropological studies (archaeo-thanatology and biological anthropology) and archaeometry analyses (physico-chemical and paleo-genetical) on unearthed remains; concerted archaeological and architectural studies leading to a joint archaeological-historical analysis and interpretation according to the main questions 1-4 (see above).

佩加蒙（Pergamon）的墓地和大坟墓以及凯姆（Kyme）和埃利亚（Elaia）的风成城市代表了无价的考古遗产，有助于了解希腊化小亚细亚（Hellenistic Asia Minor）关键地区的政治，社会和文化动态。它们提供了广泛的社会学和历史背景：一方面，它们提供了社会各阶层的信息，从阿塔利德王子和富裕的公民到人口中较温和的部分;另一方面，研究区域提供了各种各样的政治，社会和文化情况：居住城市帕加马、凯姆（伊奥利亚的中心，长期处于塞琉古王朝的控制之下）和埃利亚（伊奥利亚的一个城市和帕加马的海军基地）。这种状况为我们探讨学术界正在讨论的一系列问题提供了一个理想的背景：（1）丧葬习俗和行为对社会结构的影响：（2）希腊化王权影响下城市意识形态表现形式的转变;（3）阿塔利德王国首都与自治城邦互动的文化影响;（4）公元前3世纪和2世纪希腊化王国的地方身份的转变和意识形态模式的传播。在最近的研究之后，我们的目标是接近丧葬行为作为一种微妙而复杂的社会，文化和宗教习惯的表达。为了更新这些方法，首先必须重新考虑自19世纪80年代以来产生的考古文献，并与已经在这一领域工作的团队建立一个合作的法国-德国计划。该项目旨在制定一项共同战略，通过结合法国和德国在丧葬考古学方面最具创新性的研究，加强科学数据的利用。我们的目标是建立一个跨学科的法国-德国-土耳其团队，能够在该地区不同地点的整个三年项目中进行干预，并能够与其他土耳其和外国合作伙伴开展合作。案例研究是Elaia和Kyme的城市墓地，以及Pergamon和Kyme的大坟墓。法国-德国主要小组将采用一系列共同方法，包括但不限于：遥感、地球物理和地震勘测;根据勘测结果在墓地和大型土丘中选定战略地区进行挖掘;丧葬人类学研究双课程（考古死亡学和生物人类学）和考古学分析（物理化学和古成因）;协调一致的考古和建筑研究，导致联合考古-根据主要问题1-4（见上文）进行历史分析和解释。