Developing isoscapes and testing lead isotopes of human tooth enamel

开发人类牙釉质的同位素并测试铅同位素

• 批准号: 2104842
• 负责人: Gina Buckley
• 金额: $ 14.3万
• 依托单位: Buckley, Gina M
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-15 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2104842&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Developing; isoscapes; testing; lead; isotopes

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Virginie Renson at the University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR), this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating the applicability of lead isotope analysis in human tooth enamel as a means for studying migration in non-temperate climates where preservation of human tissues tends to be poor. This study will also develop lead isotopic baselines across important regions of population growth and human movement. Research will combine methods from archaeometry and environmental sciences to produce universal, detailed tools future researchers can use to identify paleomobility using lead isotopes and tooth enamel. This project will actively involve the collaboration and training of students and the creation and distribution of educational activities for children.This project will examine the potential use of lead (Pb) isotope signatures in human dentition as a means of studying migration in an important area of population growth and expansion. Lead isotopes (206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb) have largely been used in archaeological science to trace artifact provenance and are now also being applied with success to the study of human paleomobility in traditionally temperate climates. However, this methodology has yet to be developed in regions where the preservation of prehistoric skeletal material is poor. This postdoctoral research project will address two issues. First, 150 geological and environmental samples will be collected to develop a 20nPb/204Pb isoscape to determine if the geological terrains of this region exhibit distinct Pb isotopoic ratios that can be used in archaeological migration and provenance studies. Second, procedures will be developed from archaeometry and environmental sciences to understand if diagenetic alteration from taphonomic processes, including contamination from modern lead sources, can be systematically detected apart from in vivo lead concentrations in human tooth enamel. Tooth enamel specimens (n = 75) will come from known hubs of migrant activity. Results are expected to advance archaeological migration studies by directly testing the applicability of Pb isotopes in low concentration, low preservation materials and by allowing researchers to study shorter-distance human migration patterns through Pb isoscapes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是作为NSF的社会，行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分提供的。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF的奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。NSF致力于促进来自科学界各部门的科学家，包括来自代表性不足的群体的科学家参与其研究计划和活动;博士后期间被认为是实现这一目标的专业发展的重要水平。每个博士后研究员必须解决推进各自学科领域的重要科学问题。在密苏里州研究反应堆中心（穆尔）的Dr. Reninie Renson博士的赞助下，该博士后奖学金支持早期职业科学家调查铅同位素分析在人类牙釉质中的适用性，作为研究在非温带气候中迁移的一种手段，其中人体组织的保存往往很差。这项研究还将在人口增长和人员流动的重要地区制定铅同位素基线。研究将结合考古学和环境科学的联合收割机方法，以产生通用的，详细的工具，未来的研究人员可以使用铅同位素和牙釉质来识别古移动性。该项目将积极参与学生的合作和培训，并为儿童开展和分发教育活动，该项目将研究铅同位素标记在人类牙列中的潜在用途，作为研究人口增长和扩张这一重要领域的移徙的一种手段。铅同位素（206 Pb/204 Pb、207 Pb/204 Pb、208 Pb/204 Pb）在考古学中已广泛用于文物来源的追踪，现在也成功地应用于传统温带气候下人类古活动的研究。然而，在史前骨骼材料保存不佳的地区，这种方法还有待发展。这个博士后研究项目将解决两个问题。首先，将收集150个地质和环境样品，以开发一个20 nPb/204 Pb的isoscape，以确定该地区的地质地形是否表现出不同的铅同位素比值，可用于考古迁移和物源研究。第二，将从考古学和环境科学的程序，以了解如果成岩改变埋藏过程，包括现代铅源的污染，可以系统地检测除了在人体牙釉质中的体内铅浓度。牙釉质样本（n = 75）将来自已知的迁移活动中心。通过直接测试铅同位素在低浓度、低保存材料中的适用性，并允许研究人员通过铅同位素研究较短距离的人类迁移模式，预计结果将推动考古迁移研究。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。