Surviving the first 72 hours - Megaurban disaster response in times of limited statehood

度过最初的 72 小时 - 有限国家时期特大城市的灾难响应

• 批准号: 247189623
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Frauke Kraas
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Geographisches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/247189623?language=en
• 关键词: Surviving; first; 72; hours; Megaurban

Megacities as highly complex anthropogenic systems are prone to significant natural and human risks. They pose a grand challenge for risk- and disaster-related governance as well as disaster management, particularly during the phases of response and recovery. The high variety of informal structures and processes which in megacities in developing and emerging economies in many fields complement or even substitute governmental functions entirely, demands reactions that differ from those employed in the so-called industrialized nations. Informal structures and processes, especially those among the affected population, play a decisive - but so far barely understood ¬¬- role of necessity in the course of self-organization, because according to experience governmental disaster response only sets in with a crucial time delay of about 72 hours, if at all. The envisaged research aims at deepening the understanding of the role of informal structures and processes during these critical first 72 hours of disaster response, thereby making it more tangible for theory building in (international) disaster management and risk- and disaster-related governance. Up until now those “non-western” forms of operation have widely been neglected in theories and instruments of the respective scientific fields and good practices that have been tested in the western world are commonly being transferred without specific adaptation. A deeper, empirically based understanding of self-organization in the critical first hours and days after the onset of a hazard that triggers a disaster is also indispensable in the context of resilience building. An equivalence functionalist analysis of the structures and processes of the first 72 hours of disaster response to past flooding events in Jakarta/ Indonesia forms the basis of the envisaged research. The juxtaposition of functionally equivalent structures and processes will allow for “new” forms of operation and eventually “new” actors to be identified. On-site data acquisition will be carried out by means of qualitative research methodology. Participative methods and expert interviews are at the core of the intended method mix.

特大城市作为高度复杂的人为系统，容易面临重大的自然和人为风险。它们对与风险和灾害相关的治理以及灾害管理构成了巨大挑战，特别是在响应和恢复阶段。在发展中国家和新兴经济体的大城市中，各种各样的非正式结构和程序在许多领域完全补充甚至取代了政府职能，因此需要作出与所谓工业化国家不同的反应。非正式结构和进程，特别是受灾人口中的非正式结构和进程，在自我组织的过程中起着决定性的作用，但迄今为止人们几乎没有认识到这一点，因为根据经验，政府的灾难反应即使有，也只有大约72小时的关键时间延迟。设想的研究旨在加深对非正式结构和过程在灾害反应关键的最初72小时中的作用的理解，从而使其更具体地用于（国际）灾害管理和风险与灾害相关治理的理论建设。到目前为止，这些“非西方”的操作形式在各自科学领域的理论和工具中被广泛忽视，在西方世界经过测试的良好实践通常是在没有具体适应的情况下转移的。在恢复力建设的背景下，对引发灾难的危险发生后关键的最初几个小时和几天内的自组织进行更深入的、基于经验的理解也是必不可少的。对雅加达/印度尼西亚过去洪水事件的前72小时灾难响应的结构和过程的等效功能主义分析构成了设想研究的基础。功能等同的结构和过程的并列将允许“新”操作形式，并最终确定“新”参与者。现场数据采集将采用定性研究方法进行。参与式方法和专家访谈是预期方法组合的核心。