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NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2021: Biological Soil Crusts as a Model System in the Context of Climate Change

2021 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金：生物土壤结皮作为气候变化背景下的模型系统

基本信息

批准号：
2109655
负责人：
Michala Phillips
金额：
$ 13.8万
依托单位：
Phillips, Michala L
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-10-01 至 2023-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2109655&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship Biology FY

项目摘要

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2021, Integrative Research Investigating the Rules of Life Governing Interactions Between Genomes, Environment and Phenotypes. The fellowship supports the research and training of a post-doctoral fellow and contributes to an improved understanding of the Rules of Life in innovative ways. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are a living consortium of mosses, lichens, and cyanobacteria that inhabit the surface of dryland soils worldwide. In addition to regulating a large number of important ecosystem properties, such as soil stability and fertility, biocrusts offer new ways to test long-standing ecological theory. The project will examine important dryland biocrusts, and the soil microbial communities and nitrogen cycling that occur together with biocrusts. Specifically, the research will assess how the diversity of biocrusts and soil microbes affect key nitrogen cycle functions and how these interactions influence climate change. This research is particularly relevant to understanding how biodiversity at multiple levels impacts how ecosystems function. The fellow will also share this research with regional land managers, including through a workshop in Arches National Park and mentor local high school students through a local School to Science program.This project integrates molecular biology, biogeochemistry, and ecology to span multiple layers in the hierarchy of life (e.g., molecules, microbes, biocrusts, and ecosystem function), creating a novel approach to test biodiversity ecosystem-functioning theory. Biocrusts contain a large amount of diversity in a small area and engage in unique competitive and facilitative interactions, making them an ideal model system to test ecological theory. The fellow will assess how biocrust and microbial diversity relate to each other and how they interactively affect nitrogen cycling. The fellow will characterize biocrust diversity using a visual assessment and assess diversity of microbial communities using quantitative stable isotope probing and amplicon sequencing. To understand the biocrust ecosystem more fully, the fellow will examine marker genes for nitrogen cycling at the same time as assessing total and extractable nitrogen pools under different biocrust successional states and with simulated climate change using a one-of-a-kind in situ warming experiment. Taken together this exploration of biocrusts, associated heterotrophs, and biogeochemistry will offer a new look into the fundamental relationships between communities, diversity, and function.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该行动资助2021财年NSF生物学博士后研究奖学金，研究基因组，环境和表型之间相互作用的生命规则的综合研究。该奖学金支持博士后的研究和培训，并有助于以创新的方式提高对生活规则的理解。生物土壤结皮（生物结皮）是苔藓、地衣和蓝藻的生活联合体，栖息在世界各地的旱地土壤表面。除了调节大量重要的生态系统特性，如土壤稳定性和肥力外，生物结皮还为检验长期存在的生态学理论提供了新的方法。该项目将研究重要的旱地生物结皮，以及与生物结皮一起发生的土壤微生物群落和氮循环。具体而言，该研究将评估生物外壳和土壤微生物的多样性如何影响关键的氮循环功能，以及这些相互作用如何影响气候变化。这项研究对于理解多层次生物多样性如何影响生态系统的功能尤为重要。该研究员还将与地区土地管理者分享这项研究成果，包括在拱门国家公园举办研讨会，并通过当地的“从学校到科学”项目指导当地高中生。本项目整合分子生物学、生物地球化学和生态学，跨越生命层次的多个层面（如分子、微生物、生物外壳和生态系统功能），为检验生物多样性生态系统功能理论创造了一种新的方法。生物壳在小范围内包含大量的多样性，并参与独特的竞争和促进相互作用，使其成为检验生态学理论的理想模型系统。该研究员将评估生物结皮和微生物多样性如何相互关联，以及它们如何相互影响氮循环。该研究员将使用视觉评估来表征生物外壳多样性，并使用定量稳定同位素探测和扩增子测序来评估微生物群落的多样性。为了更全面地了解生物硬壳生态系统，该研究员将研究氮循环的标记基因，同时评估不同生物硬壳演替状态下的总氮库和可提取氮库，并使用一种独一无二的原位变暖实验模拟气候变化。综合这些对生物外壳、相关异养生物和生物地球化学的探索，将为群落、多样性和功能之间的基本关系提供一个新的视角。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。