NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2020: Quantifying nutrient sharing across mutualisms and identifying involved genetic factors

2020 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金:量化互利共生中的营养共享并识别相关遗传因素

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2109909
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 21.6万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship Award
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2021-11-01 至 2024-10-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

This action funds an NSF Plant Genome Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2021. The fellowship supports a research and training plan in a host laboratory for the Fellow who also presents a plan to broaden participation in biology. The title of the research and training plan for this fellowship to Dr. Inga Conti-Jerpe is "Quantifying nutrient sharing across mutualisms and identifying involved genetic factors". The host institution for the fellowship is the University of California, Berkeley and the sponsoring scientists are Dr. Rebecca Tarvin and Dr. Todd Dawson.Symbiotic relationships in which two species exchange nutrients afford both partners access to auxiliary nutritional resources, allowing them to survive under nutrient limited conditions. Many plants, for example, live in symbiosis with soil fungi that provide nutrients the plant cannot assimilate on its own. In exchange, the fungus receives sugars produced by the plant through photosynthesis. These types of relationships exist in other lifeforms including marine invertebrates (corals, jellyfish, clams, sea slugs, and flat worms) that associate with single-celled algae, and lichens, which are comprised of algae and fungi living together. By coupling their nutrition, these partners thrive in nutritional deserts and provide the foundation for critical ecosystems such as forests and coral reefs. This research will investigate patters in the evolution of symbioses by measuring nutrient sharing in plants, marine invertebrates, and lichens, and identifying traits associated with tightly and loosely coupled partners. This will create a predictive framework where traits can be used to assess the nature of nutritional exchange within a symbiotic relationship. Additionally, this research will manipulate a model symbiosis between trees and fungi to identify genes that underpin nutrient sharing between partners. The broad scope of this project lends itself to the mentorship of undergraduates who will conduct independent research on one of the many symbiotic partnerships investigated. Additional broader impacts are a regular, bimonthly workshop focused on supporting and transferring skills to women in science, as well as the development and deployment of a high school lesson plan on data visualization and interpretation.The same set of disparate traits have evolved in symbioses across multiple taxa: 1) obligate vs facultative relationships, 2) intracellular vs extracellular associations, and 3) vertical vs horizontal transmission of symbionts. These traits are thought to influence coevolution between symbiotic partners, however there is little understanding of how they affect nutrient sharing within the holobiont. Further, the genes that regulate these symbiotic adaptations are unknown. This project uses stable isotope analysis to quantify nutrient sharing across symbioses exhibiting disparate traits to test the hypothesis that nutrient sharing is greater between obligate, intracellular partners that maintain vertical transmission compared to facultative, extracellular partners that rely on horizontal transmission. Further, this work will use transcriptomics to compare gene expression in Alnus incana (grey alder) when associated with arbuscular mycorrhizae or ectomycorrhizae and test whether genes involved in nutrient transfer are upregulated in symbiosis with intracellularly associated partners compared to extracellularly associated partners. Stable isotope data will be available on the Dryad Digital Repository (https://datadryad.org/stash) and/or IsoBank (http://isobank.tacc.utexas.edu/en/). Raw sequence reads will be digitally archived with the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra) and comparative transcriptomics data will also be archived on Dryad.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
该行动为2021财年的NSF植物基因组博士后生物学研究奖学金提供资金。该研究金支持研究员在东道实验室的研究和培训计划,研究员还提出了扩大生物学参与的计划。为Inga Conti-Jerpe博士提供的研究和培训计划的标题是“量化互惠关系中的营养共享并确定相关的遗传因素”。该奖学金的主办机构是加州大学伯克利分校,赞助科学家是Rebecca Tarvin博士和托德道森博士。两个物种交换营养的共生关系为双方提供了辅助营养资源,使他们能够在营养有限的条件下生存。例如,许多植物与土壤真菌共生,提供植物自身无法吸收的营养。作为交换,真菌接受植物通过光合作用产生的糖。这些类型的关系存在于其他生命形式中,包括与单细胞藻类和地衣相关的海洋无脊椎动物(珊瑚,水母,蛤,海蛞蝓和扁蠕虫),地衣由藻类和真菌组成。通过结合它们的营养,这些伙伴在营养丰富的沙漠中茁壮成长,并为森林和珊瑚礁等重要生态系统提供基础。这项研究将通过测量植物,海洋无脊椎动物和地衣中的营养共享,并确定与紧密和松散耦合伙伴相关的特征,来研究共生体进化的模式。这将创建一个预测框架,其中性状可用于评估共生关系中营养交换的性质。此外,这项研究将操纵树木和真菌之间的共生模式,以确定支持伙伴之间营养共享的基因。该项目的广泛范围适合于本科生的指导,他们将对调查的许多共生伙伴关系之一进行独立研究。其他更广泛的影响是一个定期的,每两个月一次的研讨会,重点是支持和转移技能,以妇女在科学,以及开发和部署高中课程计划的数据可视化和解释。同样的一套不同的特点已经演变在共生体跨越多个类群:1)专性与兼性关系,2)细胞内与细胞外协会,和3)垂直与水平的共生体传输。这些特征被认为会影响共生伙伴之间的共同进化,但对它们如何影响全生物内的营养共享却知之甚少。此外,调节这些共生适应的基因是未知的。该项目使用稳定同位素分析来量化共生体之间的营养共享,这些共生体表现出不同的性状,以测试以下假设:与依赖于水平传输的兼性细胞外合作伙伴相比,保持垂直传输的专性细胞内合作伙伴之间的营养共享更大。此外,这项工作将使用转录组学比较基因表达在桤木incana(灰桤木)与丛枝菌根或外生菌根和测试是否参与营养转移的基因上调与细胞内相关的合作伙伴相比,细胞外相关的合作伙伴的共生。稳定同位素数据将在Dryad数字储存库(https://datadryad.org/stash)和(或)IsoBank(http://isobank.tacc.utexas.edu/en/)上提供。原始序列读数将通过NCBI序列读数档案(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra)进行数字存档,比较转录组学数据也将在Dryad上存档。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

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