Pathfinder: Low-loss 2 UM Faraday Isolators for 3G Detectors

Pathfinder：用于 3G 探测器的低损耗 2 UM 法拉第隔离器

• 批准号: 2110575
• 负责人: Rodica Martin
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: Montclair State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110575&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Pathfinder; Low; loss; UM; Faraday

In September 2015 the twin Advanced LIGO detectors directly observed for the first time the ripples from the merger of two black holes that travelled through space for more than one billion years. More than 50 other detections followed, in coincidence with the Virgo detector, from a variety of sources, including the collision of two neutron stars, an event observed by the broad astronomical community in both gravitational-waves and light, marking the beginning of the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. A new generation of detectors with much increased sensitivity will observe gravitational waves from sources across the cosmic time of the universe. They will make more frequent detections, and from a wider variety of sources, with extraordinary sky localization accuracy. This will help us expand our understanding of the dynamic of the universe and of the warped nature of the spacetime and will surely astonish us with new and unexpected discoveries. This new generation of detectors is envisioned with much larger mirrors, cryogenically cooled to remove thermal vibrations and lower thermal noise that will likely operate at longer laser wavelength. Low coating absorption for cryogenically cooled silicon seems to favor a nominal wavelength of 2 microns. Optical components known as Faraday isolators are key components in determining the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors by rejecting the scattered light from building up and resonating in the interferometer. Their performance is strongly affected by the operating wavelength, while high-power operation presents additional challenges. This work will address the development of low-loss Faraday isolators at 2 microns, including high-power characterization as well as research on low-absorption materials for improved isolator performance. The proposed project will continue to provide research training and mentoring to undergraduate students at Montclair State University in experimental gravitational physics. It will help the students develop practical scientific skills in areas of optics and lasers, spectroscopy, vacuum systems and cryogenics. In addition, it will give them opportunities to interact with other researchers and engineers in the field.This award supports the development of low-loss Faraday isolators for 3G detectors, including high power studies for near-future upgrades of the LIGO detectors. Parasitic interferences due to backscatter from moving surfaces are limiting factors on the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors, and improvements in the performance of Faraday isolators directly boost the sensitivity range. Developing and designing low-loss Faraday isolators at 2 micron is important in several areas, including the input optics, output and squeezer path, and the pre-stabilized lasers. This award also supports broadband and cryogenic studies of low-absorption magneto-optical materials for 3G gravitational wave detectors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2015年9月，两个先进的LIGO探测器首次直接观测到两个黑洞合并产生的涟漪，这两个黑洞在太空中旅行了10亿多年。随后，与室女座号探测器同时进行的其他50多个探测来自各种来源，包括两颗中子星的碰撞，这是广泛的天文学界在引力波和光中观察到的事件，标志着多信使天文学新时代的开始。具有更高灵敏度的新一代探测器将观测来自宇宙时间的引力波。它们将进行更频繁的检测，并从更广泛的来源进行检测，具有非凡的天空定位精度。这将帮助我们扩展对宇宙动力学和时空扭曲本质的理解，并肯定会给我们带来新的和意想不到的发现。这种新一代的探测器设想具有更大的反射镜，低温冷却以消除热振动和更低的热噪声，可能会在更长的激光波长下工作。低温冷却硅的低涂层吸收似乎有利于2微米的标称波长。 被称为法拉第隔离器的光学组件是通过拒绝散射光在干涉仪中积累和共振来确定引力波探测器灵敏度的关键组件。它们的性能受到工作波长的强烈影响，而高功率工作则带来了额外的挑战。这项工作将解决2微米低损耗法拉第隔离器的发展，包括高功率特性以及低吸收材料的研究，以提高隔离器的性能。拟议的项目将继续为蒙特克莱尔州立大学的本科生提供实验引力物理学方面的研究培训和指导。它将帮助学生发展光学和激光，光谱学，真空系统和低温领域的实用科学技能。此外，该奖项还将使他们有机会与该领域的其他研究人员和工程师进行交流。该奖项支持为3G探测器开发低损耗法拉第隔离器，包括为LIGO探测器的近期升级进行高功率研究。由于来自移动表面的后向散射的寄生干扰是引力波探测器灵敏度的限制因素，并且法拉第隔离器性能的改进直接提高了灵敏度范围。开发和设计2微米的低损耗法拉第隔离器在几个领域都很重要，包括输入光学、输出和挤压路径以及预稳定激光器。该奖项还支持用于3G引力波探测器的低吸收磁光材料的宽带和低温研究。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估而被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Narrowband searches for continuous and long-duration transient gravitational waves from known pulsars in the LIGO-Virgo third observing run

在 LIGO-Virgo 第三次观测中，窄带搜索来自已知脉冲星的连续且长时间的瞬态引力波

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac6ad0
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Astrophys. J.
• 作者: B. P. Abbott;H. Shinkai;LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration
• 通讯作者: LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration

All-sky search for short gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

在第三次 Advanced LIGO 和 Advanced Virgo 运行中对短引力波爆发进行全天搜索

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.122004
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, N.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.;Agarwal, D.
• 通讯作者: Agarwal, D.

Search for Lensing Signatures in the Gravitational-Wave Observations from the First Half of LIGO–Virgo’s Third Observing Run

LIGO Virgo 第三次观测运行前半段的引力波观测中寻找透镜特征

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac23db
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Abbott, R.;Abbott, T. D.;Abraham, S.;Acernese, F.;Ackley, K.;Adams, A.;Adams, C.;Adhikari, R. X.;Adya, V. B.;Affeldt, C.
• 通讯作者: Affeldt, C.

All-sky search for gravitational wave emission from scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes in LIGO O3 data

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.102001
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 作者: The Ligo Scientific Collaboration;The Virgo Collaboration;T. Abbott;H. Abe;F. Acernese;K. Ackley;N. Adhikari;R. Adhikari;V. K. Adkins;V. Adya;C. Affeldt;D. Agarwal;M. Agathos;K. Agatsuma;N. Aggarwal;O. Aguiar;L. Aiello;A. Ain;P. Ajith;T. Akutsu;S. Albanesi;R. Alfaidi;A. Allocca;P. Altin;A. Amato;C. Anand;S. Anand;A. Ananyeva;S. Anderson;W. Anderson;M. Ando;T. Andrade;N. Andrés;M. Andr'es-Carcasona;T. Andri'c;S. Angelova;S. Ansoldi;J. Antelis;S. Antier;T. Apostolatos;E. Z. Appavuravther;S. Appert;S. K. Apple;K. Arai;A. Araya;M. Araya;J. Areeda;M. Arène;N. Aritomi;N. Arnaud;M. Arogeti;S. Aronson;K. Arun;H. Asada;Y. Asali;G. Ashton;Y. Aso;M. Assiduo;S. D. Melo;S. Aston;P. Astone;F. Aubin;K. AultONeal;C. Austin;S. Babak;F. Badaracco;M. Bader;C. Badger;S. Bae;Y. Bae;A. Baer;S. Bagnasco;Y. Bai;J. Baird;R. Bajpai;T. Baka;M. Ball;G. Ballardin;S. Ballmer;A. Balsamo;G. Baltus;S. Banagiri;B. Banerjee;D. Bankar;J. Barayoga;C. Barbieri;B. Barish;D. Barker;P. Barneo;F. Barone;B. Barr;L. Barsotti;M. Barsuglia;D. Barta;J. Bartlett;M. Barton;I. Bartos;S. Basak;R. Bassiri;A. Basti;M. Bawaj;J. Bayley;M. Bazzan;B. Becher;B. B'ecsy;V. Bedakihale;F. Beirnaert;M. Bejger;I. Belahcene;V. Benedetto;D. Beniwal;M. Benjamin;T. Bennett;J. Bentley;M. BenYaala;S. Bera;M. Berbel;F. Bergamin;B. Berger;S. Bernuzzi;D. Bersanetti;A. Bertolini;J. Betzwieser;D. Beveridge;R. Bhandare;A. Bhandari;U. Bhardwaj;R. Bhatt;D. Bhattacharjee;S. Bhaumik;A. Bianchi;I. Bilenko;G. Billingsley;S. Bini;R. Birney;O. Birnholtz;S. Biscans;M. Bischi;S. Biscoveanu;A. Bisht;B. Biswas;M. Bitossi;M. Bizouard;J. K. Blackburn;C. Blair;D. Blair;R. Blair;F. Bobba;N. Bode;M. Boer;G. Bogaert;M. Boldrini;G. N. Bolingbroke;L. D. Bonavena;F. Bondu;E. Bonilla;R. Bonnand;P. Booker;B. A. Boom;R. Bork;V. Boschi;N. Bose;S. Bose;V. Bossilkov;V. Boudart;Y. Bouffanais;A. Bozzi;C. Bradaschia;P. Brady;A. Bramley;A. Branch;M. Branchesi;J. Brau;M. Breschi;T. Briant;J. Briggs;A. Brillet;M. Brinkmann;P. Brockill;A. Brooks;J. Brooks;D. 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Farr;E. Fauchon-Jones;G. Favaro;Marc Favata;M. Fays;M. Fazio;J. Feicht;M. Fejer;É. Fenyvesi;D. Ferguson;Á. Fernández-Galiana;I. Ferrante;T. A. Ferreira;F. Fidecaro;P. Figura;A. Fiori;I. Fiori;M. Fishbach;R. Fisher;R. Fittipaldi;V. Fiumara;R. Flaminio;E. Floden;H. Fong;J. A. Font;B. Fornal;P. Forsyth;A. Franke;S. Frasca;F. Frasconi;J. Freed;Z. Frei;A. Freise;O. Freitas;R. Frey;P. Fritschel;V. Frolov;G. G. Fronz'e-G.;Y. Fujii;Y. Fujikawa;Y. Fujimoto;P. Fulda;M. Fyffe;H. Gabbard;W. Gabella;B. Gadre;J. Gair;J. Gais;S. Galaudage;R. Gamba;D. Ganapathy;A. Ganguly;D. Gao;S. Gaonkar;B. Garaventa;C. N'unez;C. Garc'ia-Quir'os;F. Garufi;B. Gateley;V. Gayathri;G. Ge;G. Gemme;A. Gennai;J. George;O. Gerberding;L. Gergely;P. Gewecke;S. Ghonge;A. Ghosh;A. Ghosh;Shaon Ghosh;Shrobana Ghosh;T. Ghosh;B. Giacomazzo;L. Giacoppo;J. Giaime;K. Giardina;D. Gibson;C. Gier;M. Giesler;P. Giri;F. Gissi;S. Gkaitatzis;J. Glanzer;A. Gleckl;P. Godwin;E. Goetz;R. Goetz;N. Gohlke;J. Golomb;B. Goncharov;G. Gonz'alez;M. Gosselin;R. Gouaty;D. Gould;S. Goyal;B. Grace;A. Grado;V. Graham;M. Granata;V. Granata;A. Grant;S. Gras;P. Grassia;C. Gray;R. Gray;G. Greco;A. Green;R. Green;A. Gretarsson;E. Gretarsson;D. Griffith;W. Griffiths;H. L. Griggs;G. Grignani;A. Grimaldi;E. Grimes;S. Grimm;H. Grote;S. Grunewald;P. Gruning;A. Gruson;D. Guerra;G. Guidi;A. R. Guimaraes;G. Guix'e;H. Gulati;A. Gunny;H.-K. Guo;Y. Guo;Anchal Gupta;Anuradha Gupta;I. Gupta;P. Gupta;S. Gupta;R. Gustafson;F. Guzmán;S. Ha;I. Hadiputrawan;L. Haegel;S. Haino;O. Halim;E. Hall;E. Hamilton;G. Hammond;W. Han;M. Haney;J. Hanks;C. Hanna;M. Hannam;O. Hannuksela;H. Hansen;T. Hansen;J. Hanson;T. Harder;K. Haris;J. Harms;G. Harry;I. Harry;D. Hartwig;K. Hasegawa;B. Haskell;C. Haster;J. S. Hathaway;K. Hattori;K. Haughian;H. Hayakawa;K. Hayama;F. Hayes;J. Healy;A. Heidmann;A. Heidt;M. Heintze;J. Heinze;J. Heinzel;H. Heitmann;F. Hellman;P. Hello;A. Helmling-Cornell;G. Hemming;M. Hendry;I. Heng;E. Hennes;J. Hennig;M. Hennig;C. Henshaw;A. Hernandez;F. Vivanco;M. Heurs;A. Hewitt;S. Higginbotham;S. Hild;P. Hill;Y. Himemoto;A. Hines;N. Hirata;C. Hirose;T. Ho;S. Hochheim;D. Hofman;J. Hohmann;D. Holcomb;N. Holland;I. J. Hollows;Z. J. Holmes;K. Holt;D. Holz;Q. Hong;J. Hough;S. Hourihane;E. Howell;C. Hoy;D. Hoyland;A. Hreibi;B. Hsieh;H. Hsieh;C. Hsiung;Y. Hsu;H. Huang;P. Huang;Y. Huang;Y. Huang;Yiting Huang;Yiwen Huang;M. Hubner;A. Huddart;B. Hughey;D. Hui;V. Hui;S. Husa;S. Huttner;R. Huxford;T. Huynh--Dinh-T.-Huynh--Dinh-1381195806;S. Ide;B. Idzkowski;A. Iess;K. Inayoshi;Y. Inoue;P. Iosif;M. Isi;K. Isleif;K. Ito;Y. Itoh;B. Iyer;V. JaberianHamedan;T. Jacqmin;P. Jacquet;S. Jadhav;S. Jadhav;T. Jain;A. L. James;A. Jan;K. Jani;J. Janquart;K. Janssens;N. Janthalur;P. Jaranowski;D. Jariwala;R. Jaume;A. Jenkins;K. Jenner;C. Jeon;W. Jia;J. Jiang;H. Jin;G. Johns;R. Johnston;A. W. Jones;D. Jones;P. Jones;R. Jones;P. Joshi;L. Ju;A. Jue;P. Jung;K. Jung;J. Junker;V. Juste;K. Kaihotsu;T. Kajita;M. Kakizaki;C. Kalaghatgi;V. Kalogera;B. Kamai;M. Kamiizumi;N. Kanda;S. Kandhasamy;G. Kang;J. Kanner;Y. Kao;S. Kapadia;D. Kapasi;C. Karathanasis;S. Karki;R. Kashyap;M. Kasprzack;W. Kastaun;T. Kato;S. Katsanevas;E. Katsavounidis;W. Katzman;T. Kaur;K. Kawabe;K. Kawaguchi;F. K'ef'elian;D. Keitel;J. Key;S. Khadka;F. Khalili;S. Khan;T. Khanam;E. Khazanov;N. Khetan;M. Khursheed;N. Kijbunchoo;A. Kim;C. Kim;J. Kim;J. Kim;K. Kim;W. Kim;Y. Kim;C. Kimball;N. Kimura;M. Kinley-Hanlon;R. Kirchhoff;J. S. Kissel;S. Klimenko;T. Klinger;A. Knee;T. Knowles;N. Knust;E. Knyazev;Y. Kobayashi;P. Koch;G. Koekoek;K. Kohri;K. Kokeyama;S. Koley;P. Kolitsidou;M. Kolstein;K. Komori;V. Kondrashov;A. Kong;A. Kontos;N. Koper;M. Korobko;M. Kovalam;N. Koyama;D. Kozak;C. Kozakai;V. Kringel;N. Krishnendu;A. Kr'olak;G. Kuehn;F. Kuei;P. Kuijer;S. Kulkarni;A. Kumar;Prayush Kumar;Rahul Kumar;Rakesh Kumar;J. Kume;K. Kuns;Y. Kuromiya;S. Kuroyanagi;K. Kwak;G. LaCaille;P. Lagabbe;D. Laghi;É. Lalande;M. Lalleman;T. Lam;A. Lamberts;M. Landry;B. Lane;R. Lang;J. Lange;B. Lantz;I. 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Singha;A. Sintes;V. Sipala;V. Skliris;B. Slagmolen;T. Slaven-Blair;J. Smetana;J. R. Smith;L. Smith;R. Smith;J. Soldateschi;S. Somala;K. Somiya;I. Song;K. Soni;S. Soni;V. Sordini;F. Sorrentino;N. Sorrentino;R. Soulard;T. Souradeep;E. Sowell;V. Spagnuolo;A. Spencer;M. Spera;P. Spinicelli;A. Srivastava;V. Srivastava;K. Staats;C. Stachie;F. Stachurski;D. Steer;J. Steinlechner;S. Steinlechner;N. Stergioulas;D. Stops;M. Stover;K. Strain;L. Strang;G. Stratta;M. D. Strong;A. Strunk;R. Sturani;A. Stuver;M. Suchenek;S. Sudhagar;V. Sudhir;R. Sugimoto;H. Suh;A. G. Sullivan;T. Summerscales;L. Sun;S. Sunil;A. Sur;J. Suresh;P. Sutton;Takamasa Suzuki;Takanori Suzuki;Toshikazu Suzuki;B. Swinkels;M. J. Szczepa'nczyk;P. Szewczyk;M. Tacca;H. Tagoshi;S. Tait;H. Takahashi;R. Takahashi;S. Takano;H. Takeda;M. Takeda;C. Talbot;C. Talbot;K. Tanaka;Taiki Tanaka;Takahiro Tanaka;A. Tanasijczuk;S. Tanioka;D. Tanner;D. Tao;L. Tao;R. D. Tapia;E. Mart'in;C. Taranto;A. Taruya;J. Tasson;R. Tenorio;J. Terhune;L. Terkowski;M. Thirugnanasambandam;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;E. E. Thompson-E.;J. E. Thompson;S. R. Thondapu;K. Thorne;E. Thrane;S. Tiwari;S. Tiwari;V. Tiwari;A. Toivonen;A. Tolley;T. Tomaru;T. Tomura;M. Tonelli;Z. Tornasi;A. Torres-Forn'e;C. Torrie;I. T. E. Melo;D. Toyra;A. Trapananti;F. Travasso;G. Traylor;M. Trevor;M. Tringali;A. Tripathee;L. Troiano;A. Trovato;L. Trozzo;R. Trudeau;D. Tsai;K. W. Tsang;T. Tsang;J. Tsao;M. Tse;R. Tso;S. Tsuchida;L. Tsukada;D. Tsuna;T. Tsutsui;K. Turbang;M. Turconi;D. Tuyenbayev;A. Ubhi;N. Uchikata;T. Uchiyama;R. Udall;A. Ueda;T. Uehara;K. Ueno;G. Ueshima;C. Unnikrishnan;A. Urban;T. Ushiba;A. Utina;G. Vajente;A. Vajpeyi;G. Valdes;M. Valentini;V. Valsan;N. Bakel;M. Beuzekom;M. V. Dael;J. Brand;C. Broeck;D. Vander-Hyde;H. Haevermaet;J. V. Heijningen;M. Putten;N. Remortel;M. Vardaro;A. Vargas;V. Varma;M. Vas'uth;A. Vecchio;G. Vedovato;J. Veitch;P. Veitch;J. Venneberg;Gautam Venugopalan;D. Verkindt;P. Verma;Y. Verma;S. M. Vermeulen;D. Veske;F. Vetrano;A. Vicer'e;S. Vidyant;A. Viets;A. Vijaykumar;V. Villa-Ortega;J. Vinet;A. Virtuoso;S. Vitale;H. Vocca;E. V. Reis;J. Wrangel;C. Vorvick;S. Vyatchanin;L. Wade;M. Wade;K. Wagner;R. Walet;M. Walker;G. Wallace;L. Wallace;J. Wang;J. Wang;W. H. Wang;R. Ward;J. Warner;M. Was;T. Washimi;N. Y. Washington;J. Watchi;B. Weaver;C. R. Weaving;S. Webster;M. Weinert;A. Weinstein;R. Weiss;C. Weller;R. Weller;F. Wellmann;L. Wen;P. Wessels;K. Wette;J. Whelan;D. White;B. Whiting;C. Whittle;D. Wilken;D. Williams;M. Williams;A. Williamson;J. Willis;B. Willke;D. J. Wilson;C. Wipf;T. Włodarczyk;G. Woan;J. Woehler;J. Wofford;D. Wong;I. C. Wong;M. Wright;C. Wu;D. Wu;H. Wu;D. Wysocki;L. Xiao;T. Yamada;H. Yamamoto;K. Yamamoto;T. Yamamoto;K. Yamashita;R. Yamazaki;F. Yang;K. Z. Yang;L. Yang;Y. Yang;Y. Yang;Yang Yang-Yang;M. Yap;D. Yeeles;Sang-Wook Yeh;A. Yelikar;M. Ying;J. Yokoyama;T. Yokozawa;J. Yoo;T. Yoshioka;Hang Yu;Haocun Yu;H. Yuzurihara;A. Zadro.zny;M. Zanolin;S. Zeidler;T. Zelenova;J. Zendri;M. Zevin;M. Zhan;H. Zhang;J. Zhang;L. Zhang;R. Zhang;T. Zhang;Y. Zhang;C. Zhao;G. Zhao;Y. Zhao;Yue Zhao;R. Zhou;Z. Zhou;X. Zhu;Z. Zhu;A. B. Zimmerman;M. Zucker;J. Zweizig

Search for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars in O3 LIGO data

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.022002
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 作者: R. Abbott;T. Abbott;F. Acernese;K. Ackley;C. Adams;N. Adhikari;R. Adhikari;V. Adya;C. Affeldt;D. Agarwal;M. Agathos;K. Agatsuma;N. Aggarwal;O. Aguiar;L. Aiello;A. Ain;T. Akutsu;S. Albanesi;A. Allocca;P. Altin;A. Amato;C. Anand;S. Anand;A. Ananyeva;S. Anderson;W. Anderson;M. Ando;T. Andrade;N. Andrés;T. Andric;S. Angelova;S. Ansoldi;J. Antelis;S. Antier;S. Appert;K. Arai;K. Arai;Y. Arai;S. Araki;A. Araya;M. Araya;J. Areeda;M. Arène;N. Aritomi;N. Arnaud;S. Aronson;K. Arun;H. Asada;Y. Asali;G. Ashton;Y. Aso;M. Assiduo;S. Aston;P. Astone;F. Aubin;C. Austin;S. Babak;F. Badaracco;M. Bader;C. Badger;S. Bae;Y. Bae;A. Baer;S. Bagnasco;Y. Bai;L. Baiotti;J. Baird;R. Bajpai;M. Ball;G. Ballardin;S. Ballmer;A. Balsamo;G. Baltus;S. Banagiri;D. Bankar;J. Barayoga;C. Barbieri;B. Barish;D. Barker;P. Barneo;F. Barone;B. Barr;L. Barsotti;M. Barsuglia;D. Barta;J. Bartlett;M. Barton;I. Bartos;R. Bassiri;A. Basti;M. Bawaj;J. Bayley;A. Baylor;M. Bazzan;B. Bécsy;V. Bedakihale;M. Bejger;I. Belahcene;V. Benedetto;D. Beniwal;T. Bennett;J. Bentley;M. BenYaala;F. Bergamin;B. Berger;S. Bernuzzi;D. Bersanetti;A. Bertolini;J. Betzwieser;D. Beveridge;R. Bhandare;U. Bhardwaj;D. Bhattacharjee;S. Bhaumik;I. Bilenko;G. Billingsley;S. Bini;R. Birney;O. Birnholtz;S. Biscans;M. Bischi;S. Biscoveanu;A. Bisht;B. Biswas;M. Bitossi;M. Bizouard;J. Blackburn;C. Blair;D. Blair;R. Blair;F. Bobba;N. Bode;M. Boer;G. Bogaert;M. Boldrini;L. D. Bonavena;F. Bondu;E. Bonilla;R. Bonnand;P. Booker;B. A. Boom;R. Bork;V. Boschi;N. Bose;S. Bose;V. Bossilkov;V. Boudart;Y. Bouffanais;A. Bozzi;C. Bradaschia;P. Brady;A. Bramley;A. Branch;M. Branchesi;J. Brau;M. Breschi;T. Briant;J. Briggs;A. Brillet;M. Brinkmann;P. Brockill;A. Brooks;J. Brooks;D. Brown;S. Brunett;G. Bruno;R. Bruntz;J. Bryant;T. Bulik;H. Bulten;A. Buonanno;R. Buscicchio;D. Buskulic;C. Buy;R. Byer;L. Cadonati;G. Cagnoli;C. Cahillane;J. C. Bustillo;J. Callaghan;T. Callister;E. Calloni;J. Cameron;J. Camp;M. Canepa;S. Canevarolo;M. Cannavacciuolo;K. Cannon;H. Cao;Z. Cao;E. Capocasa;E. Capote;G. Carapella;F. Carbognani;J. Carlin;M. Carney;M. Carpinelli;G. Carrillo;Gregorio Carullo;T. Carver;J. C. Diaz;C. Casentini;G. Castaldi;S. Caudill;M. Cavaglià;F. Cavalier;R. Cavalieri;M. Ceasar;G. Cella;P. Cerdá-Durán;E. Cesarini;W. Chaibi;K. Chakravarti;S. Subrahmanya;E. Champion;C. Chan;C. Chan;C. Chan;K. Chan;M. Chan;K. Chandra;P. Chanial;S. Chao;P. Charlton;E. Chase;É. Chassande-Mottin;C. Chatterjee;D. Chatterjee;D. Chatterjee;M. Chaturvedi;S. Chaty;C. Chen;H. Chen;J. Chen;K. Chen;X. Chen;Y. Chen;Y.-R. Chen;Z. Chen;H. Cheng;C. Cheong;H. Cheung;H. Chia;F. Chiadini;C. Chiang;G. Chiarini;R. Chierici;A. Chincarini;M. Chiofalo;A. Chiummo;G. Cho;H. Cho;Rupesh Kumar Choudhary;S. Choudhary;N. Christensen;H. Chu;Q. Chu;Y. Chu;S. Chua;K. Chung;G. Ciani;P. Ciecieląg;M. Cieślar;M. Cifaldi;A. Ciobanu;R. Ciolfi;F. Cipriano;A. Cirone;F. Clara;E. Clark;J. Clark;L. Clarke;P. Clearwater;S. Clesse;F. Cleva;E. Coccia;E. Codazzo;D. Cohen;L. Cohen;M. Colleoni;C. Collette;A. Colombo;M. Colpi;C. Compton;M. Constancio;L. Conti;S. Cooper;P. Corban;T. Corbitt;I. Cordero-Carrión;S. Corezzi;K. Corley;N. Cornish;D. Corre;A. Corsi;S. Cortese;C. Costa;R. Cotesta;M. Coughlin;J. Coulon;S. Countryman;B. Cousins;P. Couvares;D. Coward;M. Cowart;D. Coyne;R. Coyne;J. Creighton;T. Creighton;A. Criswell;M. Croquette;S. Crowder;J. Cudell;T. Cullen;A. Cumming;R. Cummings;L. Cunningham;E. Cuoco;P. Dabadie;T. D. Canton;S. Dall’Osso;G. Dálya;A. Dana;L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani;Beatrice D'Angelo;S. Danilishin;S. D’Antonio;K. Danzmann;C. Darsow-Fromm;A. Dasgupta;L. Datrier;S. Datta;V. Dattilo;I. Dave;M. Davier;G. Davies;D. Davis;M. Davis;E. Daw;R. Dean;M. Deenadayalan;J. Degallaix;M. D. Laurentis;S. Deléglise;V. D. Favero;F. D. Lillo;N. D. Lillo;W. D. Pozzo;L. DeMarchi;F. Matteis