Know Your Noise: Discovery in Gravitational Wave Astronomy Through Parametric Noise Modeling

了解你的噪声：通过参数噪声建模发现引力波天文学

• 批准号: 2110636
• 负责人: Ben Farr
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110636&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Know; Your; Noise; Discovery; Gravitational

After decades of research and development, the search for gravitational waves has finally succeeded, and their detection has forever changed the field of astronomy. The LIGO and Virgo observatories detected at least one binary neutron star merger and ten binary black hole mergers by the end of their second observing run, and well over 50 more compact binary mergers in their third observing run. While these detections have already validated the theory of general relativity at new extremes, enabled novel cosmological measurements, and greatly advanced our understanding of compact objects, we have only scratched the surface of what these detectors will teach us. As sensitivities improve, we continue to push the boundaries of the observed compact binary parameter space, and we must address limitations in current noise modeling techniques to fortify our efforts to continue making discoveries. Noise transients — or “glitches” — have already challenged current analysis techniques, and potentially stand in the way of discovering binaries with the most extreme mass ratios and spins; possibly the most informative for understanding compact binary formation and evolution. The group will develop empirical methods to construct parameterized models of common glitch classes that will model noise transients with unparalleled fidelity, enabling robust noise mitigation, facilitating detector commissioning efforts, and enabling impactful discoveries that gravitational waves are uniquely suited to make. In parallel the group will leverage astronomy's innate ability to capture the public's curiosity to engage in conversations on astronomy and broader STEM topics within the Oregon community. They will launch the Gas Up and Gaze Up program, where researchers will bring telescopes to gas stations throughout Oregon to host walk-up observing sessions and discuss astronomy and STEM topics with gas station patrons. This will be coupled with the efforts of the University of Oregon’s Pine Mountain Observatory (PMO), where graduate and undergraduate student facilitators will receive telescope operation and outreach training. These students will also be the founding members of a pool of teaching assistants and near-peer mentors trained to use PMO remotely, enabling inclusion of remote observing projects in existing courses in the undergraduate physics curriculum at the University of Oregon.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

经过几十年的研究和发展，对引力波的探索终于取得了成功，引力波的探测也永远地改变了天文学领域。LIGO和室女座天文台在第二次观测结束时发现了至少一次双中子星并合和10次双黑洞并合，在第三次观测结束时发现了超过50次更紧凑的双星并合。虽然这些探测已经在新的极端条件下验证了广义相对论，实现了新的宇宙学测量，并极大地推进了我们对致密物体的理解，但我们对这些探测器将教给我们的东西还只是皮毛而已。随着灵敏度的提高，我们继续推动观测到的紧致二元参数空间的边界，我们必须解决当前噪声建模技术的局限性，以加强我们继续发现的努力。噪声瞬变——或“小故障”——已经挑战了当前的分析技术，并可能阻碍发现具有最极端质量比和自旋的双星；这可能是理解致密双星形成和演化的最重要的信息。该小组将开发经验方法来构建常见故障类的参数化模型，这些模型将以无与伦比的保真度模拟瞬态噪声，实现鲁棒噪声缓解，促进探测器调试工作，并实现引力波独特适合的有影响力的发现。与此同时，该小组将利用天文学的先天能力来捕捉公众的好奇心，在俄勒冈社区内参与天文学和更广泛的STEM主题的对话。他们将启动“加油和凝视”项目，研究人员将把望远镜带到俄勒冈州各地的加油站，主持步行观察会议，并与加油站的顾客讨论天文学和STEM主题。这将与俄勒冈大学松树山天文台（PMO）的努力相结合，在那里，研究生和本科生辅导员将接受望远镜操作和外展培训。这些学生还将成为一个由助教和导师组成的团队的创始成员，他们将接受远程使用PMO的培训，从而将远程观测项目纳入俄勒冈大学本科物理课程的现有课程中。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Transient glitch mitigation in Advanced LIGO data

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.102004
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: J. D. Merritt;B. Farr;R. Hur;B. Edelman;Z. Doctor