RAPID: International Collaborative Airborne Sensor Deployments near Antarctic Ice Shelves

南极洲周边的冰架阻挡了内陆冰，这些冰有可能使全球海平面上升几米。 这一过程会以多快的速度和多快的速度发生，这是冰川学的一个核心问题。 这些冰架的底部与海洋接触，有迹象表明，海水变暖正在导致这些冰架融化和退缩，直接影响海平面上升。 该项目将抓住一个紧急的机会，与澳大利亚和韩国的同事合作，获取海洋温度，盐度和速度的快照剖面，并在没有先前数据的情况下提高测深知识。 该团队将在三个冰川附近工作，这些冰川将从东南极冰盖和西南极冰盖中排出大量具有海平面潜力的冰。 目标是南极洲东部的沙克尔顿和库克冰架，以及南极洲西部的斯韦茨冰川。 一名本科生将通过斯克里普斯本科生研究奖学金计划参与，该团队将通过斯克里普斯教育联盟计划确定教育推广机会，通过该机会建立社区参与该项目。该团队将使用高分辨率的大气循环模型模拟来优化传感器目标（将从直升机和固定翼飞机上部署），并评估冰下淡水排放和海洋作用力对冰下融化速率的相对作用。 其目的是更好地理解为什么接地线融化率较高，在东南极网站，尽管数据表明在西南极网站温暖的环境海洋温度。 这种行为可以用冰下淡水排入冰架洞穴来解释，但目前还没有足够的数据来验证这一假设。 该团队的目标是与韩国、澳大利亚和美国的同事一起，在正在进行的国际合作航空海洋学采样的基础上再接再厉。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The ice shelves around the perimeter Antarctica hold back inland ice that has the potential to raise global sea level by meters. By how much and how rapidly this could occur is a central question in glaciology. The underside of these ice shelves is in contact with the ocean, and there are signs that warming of ocean water is causing melting and retreat of these shelves, with direct implications for sea-level rise. This project will seize an emergent opportunity to work with Australian and South Korean colleagues to acquire snapshot profiles of ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity, and improve bathymetric knowledge, where no prior data exist. The team will work near three glaciers draining ice with substantial sea-level potential from the East and West Antarctic Ice Sheets. The targets are Shackleton and Cook Ice Shelves in East Antarctica, and Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica. An undergraduate student will be engaged through the Scripps Undergraduate Research Fellowship program and the team will work through the Scripps Educational Alliances program to identify educational outreach opportunities through which to build community engagement in this project.The team will use high-resolution general circulation model simulations to optimize sensor targeting (to be deployed from helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft) and evaluate the relative roles of subglacial freshwater discharge and ocean forcing on subglacial melt rates. The aim is to better understand why grounding-line melt rates are higher at the East Antarctic sites despite data indicating warmer ambient ocean temperatures at the West Antarctic sites. Such behavior could be explained by discharge of subglacial freshwater into ice-shelf cavities, but insufficient data currently exist to test this hypothesis. The team aims to build on ongoing international, collaborative airborne oceanographic sampling with colleagues in the Republic of Korea, Australia, and the United States.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.