Administrating Illegality. Migration and Rights of Residence in the Context of Illegality in Germany from 1815 to 1989/90

该研究项目力求描述和解释1815年至1989/90年期间德国非法移民的原因、后果和性质。该项目的目的是系统地分析跨越几个不同时代的一段时间内移民的非法行为和居住权。为此，该项目将认为非法既是a)对移徙的看法和b)看法本身对移徙过程和非法移徙者居住状况的影响的不断变化的产物，也是对这些看法的挑战。一方面，移民遵循其自身，在“生存”和“改善移民”主要是经济标准的情况下，另一方面，体制国家、超国家和非国家行为体试图规范、引导和控制，或至少对其管理、监管和控制产生影响。这些尝试基于意识形态和政治原则，并通过选定的国家、超国家和非国家工具来实现。非法移徙制度的特点是移徙运动与这些运动的管理之间的相互作用。对这些政权性质的考察表明，非法移民首先在主流意识形态和政治信念的背景下变得完全可见，即哪些类型的移民是“允许的”或“不允许的”，以及一种有序、定居的生活方式的主流概念。此外，本研究还将强调，非法移徙在许多方面首先是由有关的国家、非国家和超国家实体以及负责处理移徙的文书，即对禁止或允许人们移徙的决定有影响的文书造成的。非法移徙运动要么得到容忍，要么以镇压方式加以处理。对德国不断变化的非法移徙模式的长期分析力求区分不同的非法移徙制度，并使不同制度的不同性质成为重点。通过这种方式，将展示各种不同的非法移民政权- -从压制性政权到较为宽容的政权- -。该研究项目考察了迄今为止在理论和经验意义上几乎没有引起兴趣的历史移民研究领域。它与一个新建立的研究领域有关，该领域旨在发现国家地位与移民之间的关系。与此同时，它处理了一个问题，这个问题肯定会成为未来关于移民问题讨论的核心社会政治话题之一。

The research project seeks to describe and explain the causes, consequences and the nature of illegal migration in Germany from 1815 to 1989/90. The aim of the project is to systematically analyse migratory illegality and rights of residence over a period of time spanning several differing epochs. In doing this, the project will consider illegality to be both a constantly changing product of and a challenge to a) perceptions of migration and b) the influence which the perceptions themselves have on processes of migration and the residential situation of illegal migrants. Whilst on the one hand migration follows its own, in the case of 'subsistence' and 'betterment migration' predominately economic criteria, on the other hand institutional state, supra-state and non-state actors attempt to regulate, channel and control, or at the very least obtain an influence, on its management, regulation and control. These attempts are based on ideological and political principles and are realised by selected state, supra-state und non-state instruments. Regimes of illegal migration are characterised by the interaction between migratory movements and the management of these movements. An examination of the nature of these regimes demonstrates that illegal migration first becomes fully visible against the background of prevailing ideological and political convictions regarding which types of migration were 'permissible' or 'impermissible' and the prevailing conceptualisation of an ordered, settled way of life. In addition, this study will also highlight that illegal migration is in many ways first created by the relevant state, non-state and supra-state entities and by the instruments responsible for the processing of migration, i.e. those which have an influence on the decision to forbid or permit people to migrate. Illegal migratory movements are either tolerated or they are dealt with in a repressive fashion. The long-term analysis of changing patterns of illegal migration in Germany seeks to differentiate between different regimes of illegal migration and to bring the varying natures of the different regimes into focus. In this way a wide spectrum of different regimes of illegal migration - from repressive to more tolerant regimes - will be shown.The research project examines a field of historical migration studies which has as of yet attracted in a theoretical and empirical sense little interest. It is linked to a newly establishing field of research which aims to discover the relationship between statehood and migration. At the same time, it deals with an issue which is sure to be one of the central societal-political topics in future discussions over migration.