Increasing Resilience of Survivor-Centered Social Systems: Adapting to COVID Related Constraints in Access to Services and Built Environment Use Patterns

提高以幸存者为中心的社会系统的弹性：适应新冠肺炎相关的服务获取和建筑环境使用模式的限制

• 批准号: 2115943
• 负责人: Jennifer Horney
• 金额: $ 54.96万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2115943&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Increasing; Resilience; Survivor; Centered; Social

Domestic violence is a widespread and complex problem affecting 12 million victims each year in the US. Following disasters and emergencies, the risk of domestic violence increases due a complex set of factors including economic stress, changes in community dynamics, and lack of access to regular community-based supports. Greater exposure to a disaster’s impacts and severity is associated with higher rates of domestic violence. This has been consistent across hurricanes, wildfires, earthquakes, oil spills, pandemics like the 2009 H1N1 Novel Influenza A, and outbreaks like Ebola. Not surprisingly, rates of domestic violence have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, COVID-19’s impacts are unique because stay-at-home orders and other measures implemented to control the spread of disease also isolated victims with their abusers. Help-seeking options are diminished as social distancing reduced capacity of domestic violence shelters and fear of contracting COVID-19 discouraged victims from seeking medical care and other services. Disruptions to socio-technical systems and constraints on built environment use patterns have made it difficult to provide sound and effective services, limited transportation options, and constrained access to housing, shelters, childcare facilities, and other services. This research project explores how agencies and organizations addressing domestic violence have attempted to adapt to the pandemic and the necessary constraints to services, infrastructure systems, and built environment use patterns. The findings will provide key data for advancing the health and welfare of millions potentially vulnerable to domestic violence during pandemics and in the aftermath of disasters. In non-disaster settings, agencies that provide support for domestic violence victims draw on empowerment theories to deliver survivor-centered services utilizing critical infrastructure systems and built environments to support victims. However, disruptions resulting from disasters generally, and from COVID-19 specifically, have challenged providers’ ability to maintain the provision of empowerment-centered services. This is significant because the prevalence of disruptions to survivor-centered domestic violence services and built environments during the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with both reductions in survivor access to resources and to higher rates of domestic violence, compared to services and environments that were not disrupted. The objective of this study is to test empowerment models in the context of disasters generally, and to extend these models to capture adaptations to the built environment use patterns where services are provided to vulnerable populations after a disaster. Extending empowerment models to the domain of disasters will improve domestic violence systems’ function in disaster settings and will serve as a prototype to improve the effectiveness of other social systems that are part of the social context of the empowerment models. This research will provide critical evidence to support changes in both research and practice that extend the empowerment models to the domain of disasters and the realm of built environments. More generally, this study is an important contribution to our understanding of the strengths and limitations of theoretical models to the post-disaster provision of services within the context of changes to populations, sociology-technical systems, and built environment use patterns during and after disasters.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

家庭暴力是一个广泛而复杂的问题，每年影响美国1200万受害者。在灾害和紧急情况发生后，家庭暴力的风险增加，这是由于一系列复杂的因素，包括经济压力、社区动态的变化以及无法获得定期的社区支持。灾害影响和严重性的暴露程度越高，家庭暴力发生率就越高。这在飓风、野火、地震、石油泄漏、2009年H1N1新型甲型流感等大流行以及埃博拉病毒等疫情中是一致的。毫不奇怪，在COVID-19大流行期间，家庭暴力的发生率有所上升。然而，COVID-19的影响是独特的，因为为控制疾病传播而实施的居家令和其他措施也将受害者与其滥用者隔离开来。由于社交距离减少了家庭暴力庇护所的容量，以及对感染COVID-19的恐惧使受害者不愿寻求医疗护理和其他服务，寻求帮助的选择减少了。由于社会技术系统受到干扰，建筑环境使用模式受到限制，因此难以提供健全和有效的服务，交通选择有限，获得住房、庇护所、儿童保育设施和其他服务的机会有限。该研究项目探讨了处理家庭暴力问题的机构和组织如何努力适应这一流行病以及对服务、基础设施系统和建筑环境使用模式的必要限制。研究结果将为在流行病期间和灾难后促进数百万可能易受家庭暴力伤害的人的健康和福利提供关键数据。在非灾害环境中，为家庭暴力受害者提供支持的机构借鉴赋权理论，利用关键的基础设施系统和建筑环境提供以幸存者为中心的服务，以支持受害者。然而，灾难造成的中断，特别是COVID-19，对供应商维持提供以赋权为中心的服务的能力构成了挑战。这一点很重要，因为与未受干扰的服务和环境相比，在COVID-19大流行期间，以幸存者为中心的家庭暴力服务和建筑环境普遍受到干扰，这可能与幸存者获得资源的机会减少以及家庭暴力发生率较高有关。本研究的目的是在灾害的背景下测试赋权模型，并扩展这些模型，以捕捉适应建筑环境的使用模式，在灾害发生后向弱势群体提供服务。将增强权能模式扩展到灾害领域将改善家庭暴力系统在灾害环境中的功能，并将成为提高作为增强权能模式社会背景一部分的其他社会系统的有效性的原型。这项研究将提供关键证据，以支持研究和实践的变化，将赋权模型扩展到灾害领域和建筑环境领域。更一般地说，这项研究是一个重要的贡献，我们的优势和理论模型的局限性的理解，以灾后提供服务的背景下，变化的人口，社会学技术系统，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的评估来支持。影响审查标准。

项目成果

Online Guidance for Domestic Violence Survivors and Service Providers: A COVID-19 Content Analysis

家庭暴力幸存者和服务提供商在线指南：COVID-19 内容分析

• DOI: 10.1177/10778012221092469
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Violence Against Women
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Fleury-Steiner, Ruth;Miller, Susan L.;Camphausen, Lauren C.;Burns, Kaelyn F.;Horney, Jennifer A.
• 通讯作者: Horney, Jennifer A.