Collaborative Research: How roots, regolith, rock and climate interact over decades to centuries, the R3-C Frontier

合作研究：根系、风化层、岩石和气候在数十年至数百年中如何相互作用，R3-C 前沿

• 批准号: 2121595
• 负责人: Alejandro Flores
• 金额: $ 38.55万
• 依托单位: Boise State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2121595&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; How; roots; regolith

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).This project will examine how the interaction of climate, the physical and chemical characteristics of the bedrock, and the action of vegetation, control the movement and storage of water and carbon on Earth’s surface. These processes in turn influence climate by altering important factors such as greenhouse gas concentrations like H2O and CO2. Human activities can change these pathways, and this research will enable the forecasting of the possible impacts upon the Earth-surface environment. To achieve this goal requires synthesizing existing datasets, collecting new data, and training teams of people in the fields of water science, geochemistry, soil science, geophysics, ecology, and Earth system modeling. The project will include 28 undergraduate students, four graduate students, and three postdoctoral scholars across seven universities to collectively explore how the interaction of plant roots and bedrock regulate water and carbon movement between the land and atmosphere. The project will also train 45 educators to develop discovery-based learning approaches in their classes, the products of which will be publicly accessible on available web platforms.This project will investigate when and to what degree bedrock exerts more control than roots on water and carbon fluxes. Using an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates new data collection, data harvesting, machine learning, and numerical modeling, this research will determine the mechanisms by which bedrock and fracture distributions govern the development of preferential flow paths. It will also examine depth, degree, and timing of coupling between the subsurface and atmosphere and its impact on water storage and fluxes. The project will explore how plant roots interact with bedrock to shape the subsurface structure, associated carbon storage, and transpiration rates. Methods will include 3D geophysical surveys and structural soil pore analyses to determine the occurrence of changes in the subsurface and how they govern root water uptake. Global in situ and remotely sensed data will be integrated via machine learning to discern emergent patterns in subsurface structure on larger scales. The project will leverage existing datasets and collect new data from the NSF Critical Zone Cluster Networks (CZCNs), National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), and Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) programs. The ultimate outcome will be a comprehensive framework of hydro-biogeochemical linkages to forecast how climatic conditions and subsurface structure regulate hydrological flow and the carbon cycle.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项的全部或部分资金来自《2021年美国救援计划法案》(公法117-2)。该项目将研究气候、基岩的物理和化学特征以及植被的作用如何控制地球表面水和碳的移动和储存。这些过程反过来通过改变诸如H2O和CO2等温室气体浓度等重要因素来影响气候。人类活动可以改变这些路径，这项研究将使预测可能对地球表面环境造成的影响成为可能。为了实现这一目标，需要综合现有的数据集，收集新的数据，并培训水科学、地球化学、土壤科学、地球物理、生态学和地球系统建模领域的人员。该项目将包括来自七所大学的28名本科生、4名研究生和3名博士后学者，共同探索植物根和基岩的相互作用如何调节土地和大气之间的水和碳运动。该项目还将培训45名教育工作者在课堂上开发基于发现的学习方法，其产品将在现有的网络平台上公开访问。该项目将调查基岩何时以及在多大程度上对水和碳通量施加比根基更多的控制。利用一种融合了新的数据收集、数据采集、机器学习和数值模拟的跨学科方法，这项研究将确定基岩和裂缝分布控制优先流动路径发展的机制。它还将检查地下和大气之间耦合的深度、程度和时间，以及它对水存储和通量的影响。该项目将探索植物根部如何与基岩相互作用，以塑造地下结构、相关的碳储存和蒸腾速率。方法将包括3D地球物理测量和结构性土壤孔隙分析，以确定地下变化的发生及其如何控制根系的水分吸收。全球、现场和遥感数据将通过机器学习进行整合，以识别更大尺度上地下结构的紧急模式。该项目将利用现有的数据集，并从NSF关键区域集群网络(CZCNs)、国家生态观测网络(NEON)和长期生态研究(LTER)计划中收集新的数据。最终成果将是一个水-生物地球化学联系的综合框架，以预测气候条件和地下结构如何调节水文流动和碳循环。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Embracing the dynamic nature of soil structure: A paradigm illuminating the role of life in critical zones of the Anthropocene

• DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103873
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Earth-Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 12.1
• 作者: P. Sullivan;S. Billings;D. Hirmas;L. Li;X. Zhang;S. Ziegler;K. Murenbeeld;H. Ajami;A. Guthrie-A.-G

From Soils to Streams: Connecting Terrestrial Carbon Transformation, Chemical Weathering, and Solute Export Across Hydrological Regimes

• DOI: 10.1029/2022wr032314
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: H. Wen;P. Sullivan;S. Billings;H. Ajami;Alejandro Cueva;A. Flores;D. Hirmas;A. Koop;K. Murenbeeld;Xi Zhang;Li Li-Li